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Ch. 20 The Heart
Martini - Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 11th Edition
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Non è quello che usi tu?Cambia libro di testo
Tutti i libri di testoMartini, Nath, Bartholomew 11th EditionCh. 20 The HeartProblema 16
Capitolo 20, Problema 16

What is the cardiac cycle? What phases and events are necessary to complete a cardiac cycle?

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Begin by defining the cardiac cycle as the sequence of mechanical and electrical events that repeat with every heartbeat, involving the contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles to pump blood effectively.
Identify the two main phases of the cardiac cycle: diastole (when the heart muscle relaxes and chambers fill with blood) and systole (when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood out).
Explain the atrial systole phase, where the atria contract to push blood into the ventricles, completing ventricular filling.
Describe the ventricular systole phase, where the ventricles contract, causing the atrioventricular (AV) valves to close and the semilunar valves to open, allowing blood to be ejected into the arteries.
Conclude with ventricular diastole, where the ventricles relax, semilunar valves close to prevent backflow, and the AV valves open to allow the ventricles to fill again, completing the cycle.

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Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of mechanical and electrical events that repeat with every heartbeat, involving the contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles to pump blood effectively through the heart and circulatory system.
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Events in the Cardiac Cycle

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle consists of two main phases: systole, when the heart muscles contract to pump blood out, and diastole, when the heart muscles relax to allow chambers to fill with blood. These phases ensure continuous blood flow.
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Cardiac Cycle Example 3

Key Events in the Cardiac Cycle

Essential events include atrial contraction, ventricular contraction, opening and closing of heart valves (atrioventricular and semilunar valves), and blood flow through the heart chambers, all coordinated to maintain efficient circulation.
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Events in the Cardiac Cycle
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The cells of the conducting system differ from the contractile cells of the heart in that:

(a) Conducting cells are larger and contain more myofibrils

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Which of the following is longer?

(a) The refractory period of a cardiac contractile cell.

(b) The refractory period of skeletal muscle fiber.

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