Name: Chemistry: The Central Science
Author: Brown
ISBN: 9780134414232

Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria

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Brown 14th Edition

Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria

Problema 23

Which of the following is the stronger Brønsted–Lowry acid, HBrO or HBr?

Problema 24

Which of the following is the stronger Brønsted–Lowry acid, HClO3 or HClO2?

Problema 25

Predict the products of the following acid–base reactions, and predict whether the equilibrium lies to the left or to the right of the reaction arrow:

(a) O^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌

(b) CH₃COOH(aq) + HS^-(aq) ⇌

Problema 26

Predict the products of the following acid–base reactions, and predict whether the equilibrium lies to the left or to the right of the reaction arrow:

(a) NH₄⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq) ⇌

(b) CH₃COO^-(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq) ⇌

Problema 27

If a neutral solution of water, with pH = 7.00, is cooled to 10 °C, the pH rises to 7.27. Which of the following three statements is correct for the cooled water: (i) [H+] > [OH-], (ii) [H+] = [OH-], or (iii) [H+] < [OH-]?

Problema 28

If a solution is described as basic, which of the following is true: (i) 3H+ < 3OH-, (ii) 3H+ = 3OH-, or (iii) 3H+ > 3OH-?

Problema 28a

Write a chemical equation that illustrates the autoionization of water.

Problema 28b

Write the expression for the ion product constant for water, K_w.

Problema 29

Calculate [H⁺] for each of the following solutions, and indicate whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral: (a) [OH^-] = 0.00045 M (b) [OH^-] = 8.8 × 10^-9 M (c) a solution in which [OH^-] is 100 times greater than [H⁺].

Problema 30a

Calculate 3OH-4 for each of the following solutions, and indicate whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral: (a) 3H+4 = 0.0505 M

Problema 30b

Calculate 3OH-4 for each of the following solutions, and indicate whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral: (b) 3H+4 = 2.5 * 10-10 M

Problema 30c

Calculate 3OH-4 for each of the following solutions, and indicate whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral: (c) a solution in which 3H+4 is 1000 times greater than 3OH-4.

Problema 31

Which of the following solutions is the most acidic? (a) 0.2 M Ba(OH)2, (b) 0.2 M H2SO3, (c) 1.0 M glucose 1C6H12O6).

Problema 32

Which of the following solutions is the most basic? (a) 0.6 M NaCl, (b) 0.150 M CsOH, (c) 0.100 M Sr1OH22.

Problema 32

Deuterium oxide 1D2O, where D is deuterium, the hydrogen-2 isotope) has an ion-product constant, Kw, of 8.9 * 10-16 at 20 °C. Calculate 3D+4 and 3OD-4 for pure (neutral) D2O at this temperature.

Problema 33

By what factor does [H⁺] change for a pH change of (a) 2.00 units? (b) 0.50 units?

Problema 37

The average pH of normal arterial blood is 7.40. At normal body temperature 137 °C2, Kw = 2.4 * 10-14. Calculate 3H+4, 3OH-4, and pOH for blood at this temperature.

Problema 38

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in raindrops to produce carbonic acid (H2CO3), causing the pH of clean, unpolluted rain to range from about 5.2 to 5.6. What are the ranges of [H+] and [OH-] in the raindrops?

Problema 39

Addition of the indicator methyl orange to an unknown solution leads to a yellow color. The addition of bromthymol blue to the same solution also leads to a yellow color. (a) Is the solution acidic, neutral, or basic? (b) Is there another indicator you could use to narrow the range of possible pH values for the solution?

Problema 39b

Addition of the indicator methyl orange to an unknown solution leads to a yellow color. The addition of bromthymol blue to the same solution also leads to a yellow color. (b) What is the range (in whole numbers) of possible pH values for the solution?

Problema 40b

Addition of phenolphthalein to an unknown colorless solution does not cause a color change. The addition of bromthymol blue to the same solution leads to a yellow color. (b) Which of the following can you establish about the solution: (i) A minimum pH, (ii) A maximum pH, or (iii) A specific range of pH values?

Problema 40c

Addition of phenolphthalein to an unknown colorless solution does not cause a color change. The addition of bromthymol blue to the same solution leads to a yellow color. (c) What other indicator or indicators would you want to use to determine the pH of the solution more precisely?

Problema 41

Is each of the following statements true or false? (a) All strong acids contain one or more H atoms. (b) A strong acid is a strong electrolyte. (c) A 1.0-M solution of a strong acid will have pH = 1.0.

Problema 42

Determine whether each of the following is true or false: (a) All strong bases are salts of the hydroxide ion. (b) The addition of a strong base to water produces a solution of pH > 7.0. (c) Because Mg(OH)2 is not very soluble, it cannot be a strong base.

Problema 43

Calculate the pH of each of the following strong acid solutions: (a) 8.5 * 10^-3 M HBr, (b) 5.00 mL of 0.250 M HClO4 diluted to 50.0 mL, (c) a solution formed by mixing 10.0 mL of 0.100 M HBr with 20.0 mL of 0.200 M HCl.

Problema 43b

Calculate the pH of each of the following strong acid solutions: (b) 1.52 g of HNO₃ in 575 mL of solution

Problema 44

Calculate the pH of each of the following strong acid solutions: (a) 0.0167 M HNO3 (b) 15.00 mL of 1.00 M HCl diluted to 0.500 L (c) a mixture formed by adding 50.0 mL of 0.020 M HCl to 125 mL of 0.010 M HI.

Problema 23

Problema 24

Problema 25

Problema 26

Problema 27

Problema 28

Problema 28a

Problema 28b

Problema 29

Problema 30a

Problema 30b

Problema 30c

Problema 31

Problema 32

Problema 32

Problema 33

Problema 34

Problema 35

Problema 36

Problema 37

Problema 38

Problema 39

Problema 39b

Problema 40b

Problema 40c

Problema 41

Problema 42

Problema 43

Problema 43b

Problema 44