Draw the structure for each of the following amino acids and put an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers in your structure:

b. lysine

Classify each of the amino acids in Problem 10.1 as polar (neutral, acidic, or basic) or nonpolar and as hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

a. alanine

b. lysine

c. tryptophan

d. aspartate

Give the three-letter and one-letter abbreviations and identify the functional group in the side chain for each amino acid in Problem 10.1.

a. alanine

b. lysine

c. tryptophan

d. aspartate

Draw the structure for each of the following amino acids and put an asterisk (*) next to any chiral carbon centers in your structure:

c. methionine

Classify each amino acid in Problem 10.4 as polar (neutral, acidic, or basic) or nonpolar and as hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

a. leucine

b. glutamate

c. methionine

d. threonine

Draw the structure for the amino acid represented by each of the following abbreviations:

c. Q

Draw the structure for the amino acid represented by each of the following abbreviations:

d. Ile

Draw the structure for the amino acid represented by each of the following abbreviations:

c. Val

Draw the structure for the amino acid represented by each of the following abbreviations:

d. Y

Isoleucine has the zwitterion structure shown. Draw the structure and give the net charge of isoleucine that will predominate at the indicated pH values (pI = 6.0).

b. pH 6.0

Glycine has the zwitterion structure shown. Draw the structure and give the net charge of glycine that will predominate at the indicated pH values (pI = 6.0).

a. pH 1.5

Glycine has the zwitterion structure shown. Draw the structure and give the net charge of glycine that will predominate at the indicated pH values (pI = 6.0).

b. pH 12.0

Write the products for the following condensation or hydrolysis reactions:

a.

Write the products for the following condensation or hydrolysis reactions:

a.

Consider the following tripeptide:

a. Circle the N-terminal amino acid, and give its name. Draw a square around the C-terminal amino acid, and give its name.

Consider the following tripeptide:

b. Give the one-letter and three-letter abbreviations of this tripeptide.

Draw the structural formula for each of the following peptides:

b. KCG

Draw the structural formula for each of the following peptides:

c. His—Met—Gln

Draw the structural formula for each of the following peptides:

c. Val—Arg

Draw the structural formula for each of the following peptides:

d. IYP

Identify the N-terminus and the C-terminus for each of the peptides in Problem 10.18.

a. Ala—Asn—Thr

b. DS

Identify the N-terminus and the C-terminus for each of the peptides in Problem 10.18.

c. Val—Arg

Identify the N-terminus and the C-terminus for each of the peptides in Problem 10.18.

d. IYP

How many different tripeptides that contain one leucine, one glutamate, and one tryptophan are possible?

Name the stabilizing attractive force found in secondary structures of proteins.

When a protein folds into its tertiary structure, does the primary structure change? Explain.

Describe the differences in the shape of an α helix and a β-pleated sheet.

What type of interaction would you expect between the side chains of each of the following pairs of amino acids in the tertiary structure of a protein?

b. alanine and valine

What type of interaction would you expect between the side chains of each of the following pairs of amino acids in the tertiary structure of a protein?

a. lysine and glutamate

What type of interaction would you expect between the side chains of each of the following pairs of amino acids in the tertiary structure of a protein?

b. leucine and isoleucine