Use Rutherford's gold-foil experiment to answer each of the following:

c. How did he use the results to propose a model of the atom?

Match the subatomic particles (1 to 3) to each of the descriptions below:

1. protons

2. neutrons

3. electrons

b. surround the nucleus

Consider the following atoms in which X represents the chemical symbol of the element:

¹⁶₈X ¹⁶₉X ¹⁸₁₀X ¹⁷₈X ¹⁸₈X

a. What atoms have the same number of protons?

Consider the following atoms in which X represents the chemical symbol of the element:

¹⁶₈X ¹⁶₉X ¹⁸₁₀X ¹⁷₈X ¹⁸₈X

c. Which atoms have the same mass number?

Consider the following atoms in which X represents the chemical symbol of the element:

¹⁶₈X ¹⁶₉X ¹⁸₁₀X ¹⁷₈X ¹⁸₈X

d. What atoms have the same number of neutrons?

Complete the following table for three of the naturally occurring isotopes of germanium, which is a metalloid used in semiconductor.

Complete the following table for the three naturally occurring isotopes of silicon, the major component in computer chips:

For each representation of a nucleus A through E, write the atomic symbol and identify which are isotopes.

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Complete the following statements:

a. The atomic number gives the number of _____ in the nucleus.

Complete the following statements:

b. In an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of _____.

Complete the following statements:

c. Sodium and potassium are examples of elements called _____.

Complete the following statements:

a. The number of protons and neutrons in an atom is also the _____ number.

Complete the following statements:

b. The elements in Group 7A (17) are called the _____.

Complete the following statements:

c. Elements that are shiny and conduct heat are called _____.

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false:

c. The atomic mass unit is based on a carbon atom with six protons and six neutrons.

Which of the following molecules will produce the most ATP per mole?

a. glucose or stearic acid (C₁₈)

Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false:

d. The proton and the electron have about the same mass.

Write the name and symbol of the element with the following atomic number:

h. 92

Provide the following:

a. the atomic number and symbol of the lightest alkali metal

b. the atomic number and symbol of the heaviest noble gas

Provide the following:

c. the atomic mass and symbol of the alkaline earth metal in Period 3

d. the atomic mass and symbol of the halogen with the fewest electrons

Provide the following:

a. the atomic number and symbol of the lightest alkali metal

b. the atomic number and symbol of the heaviest noble gas

Provide the following:

c. the atomic mass and symbol of the alkaline earth metal in Period 3

d. the atomic mass and symbol of the halogen with the fewest electrons

Why is the ionization energy of Ca higher than K, but lower than that of Mg?

Why is the ionization energy of Cl lower than F, but higher than that of S?

Give the symbol of the element that has the

e. most metallic character in Group 2A (2)

Give the symbol of the element that has the

a. largest atomic size in Group 1A (1)

Give the symbol of the element that has the

b. largest atomic size in Period 4

Give the symbol of the element that has the

e. least metallic character in Group 4A (14)