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Ch. 8 - Alkenes 1: Properties and Electrophilic Additions
Mullins - Organic Chemistry: A Learner Centered Approach 1st Edition
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Tutti i libri di testoMullins 1st EditionCh. 8 - Alkenes 1: Properties and Electrophilic AdditionsProblema 51a
Capitolo 7, Problema 51a

Provide an arrow-pushing mechanism, accounting also for the stereochemical outcome, of the first step (oxymercuration) of the three reactions in Figure 8.63.
Arrow-pushing mechanism for oxymercuration, showing stereochemical outcomes in three reactions with Hg(OAc)2 and NaBH4.

Guida verificata passo dopo passo
1
Identify the reactants involved in the oxymercuration step. Typically, this involves an alkene and mercuric acetate (Hg(OAc)₂) in the presence of water.
Understand the role of the mercuric acetate. It acts as an electrophile, with the mercury atom capable of accepting electrons from the π-bond of the alkene, forming a mercurinium ion intermediate.
Draw the mechanism for the formation of the mercurinium ion. The π-electrons from the alkene attack the mercury atom, forming a cyclic intermediate. Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons from the alkene to the mercury.
Consider the stereochemical implications. The mercurinium ion is typically formed in a syn-addition manner, meaning both the mercury and the acetate group add to the same face of the alkene, leading to a specific stereochemical outcome.
Illustrate the attack of water on the mercurinium ion. Water acts as a nucleophile, attacking the more substituted carbon of the mercurinium ion, leading to the opening of the ring and formation of an organomercury alcohol. Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons from water to the carbon atom.

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Arrow-Pushing Mechanism

Arrow-pushing is a technique used in organic chemistry to depict the movement of electrons during chemical reactions. It involves using curved arrows to show how electron pairs move from nucleophiles to electrophiles, helping to visualize the step-by-step transformation of reactants into products. Understanding this concept is crucial for predicting reaction pathways and outcomes.
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General Mechanism

Oxymercuration Reaction

Oxymercuration is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of mercury(II) acetate to an alkene, followed by nucleophilic attack by water, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. This reaction proceeds via a mercurinium ion intermediate and is known for its regioselectivity, typically leading to Markovnikov addition without rearrangement. Grasping this concept is essential for understanding the mechanism and stereochemical aspects of the reaction.
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General properties of oxymercuration-reduction.

Stereochemical Outcome

Stereochemistry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and its influence on chemical reactions. In oxymercuration, the stereochemical outcome is determined by the formation of the mercurinium ion and subsequent nucleophilic attack, which can lead to specific configurations in the product. Recognizing how stereochemistry affects reaction products is vital for predicting and explaining the results of organic reactions.
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Pratica correlata
Domanda del libro di testo

Predict the products you would get when the following alkenes react under the following conditions: (i) H2SO4, H2O and (ii) 1. Hg(OAc)2, H2O , 2. NaBH4

(c)

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Domanda del libro di testo

Oxymercuration–reduction, like acid-catalyzed hydration, can be modified to synthesize ethers. Suggest an alkene and the appropriate reaction conditions to synthesize the following ethers.

(a)

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Domanda del libro di testo

Predict the products you would get when the following alkenes react under the following conditions: (i) H2SO4, H2O and (ii) 1. Hg(OAc)2, H2O , 2. NaBH4

(d)

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Domanda del libro di testo

Which is more stable, a carbocation or a mercurinium ion? How do you know?

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Domanda del libro di testo

Oxymercuration–reduction, like acid-catalyzed hydration, can be modified to synthesize ethers. Suggest an alkene and the appropriate reaction conditions to synthesize the following ethers.

(b)

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Domanda del libro di testo

Provide an arrow-pushing mechanism, accounting also for the stereochemical outcome, of the first step (oxymercuration) of the three reactions in Figure 8.63.

1278
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