Name: Organic Chemistry: A Learner Centered Approach
Author: Mullins
ISBN: 9780137566471

Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics

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Mullins 1st Edition

Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics

문제 1b(ii,iii)

(ii) Which side of the reaction is favored by entropy? (iii) If ∆S° = 0 for these reactions, calculate ∆G° (Assume T = 298 K) [BDE for O―H = 110 kcal /mol.]

(b)

문제 2a

Predict which side of the equilibrium is favored for each of the chair–chair interconversions (ring flips) shown.

(a)

문제 2c

Predict which side of the equilibrium is favored for each of the chair–chair interconversions (ring flips) shown.

(c)

문제 3a

Which is the most stable base in each pair?

(a)

문제 3b

Which is the most stable base in each pair?

(b) HS^– and HO^–

문제 3c

Which is the most stable base in each pair?

문제 4a

Which is the most acidic compound in each pair?

(a)

문제 4b

Which is the most acidic compound in each pair?

(b) HF vs. HCl

문제 4c

Which is the most acidic compound in each pair?

(c)

문제 6a

Provide a reasonable arrow-pushing mechanism for the following Lewis acid–Lewis base reactions.

(a)

문제 6b

Provide a reasonable arrow-pushing mechanism for the following Lewis acid–Lewis base reactions.

(b)

문제 7.2

Chapter 5 taught us that chemical reactions are random collisions. Experimentally, how can we make molecules collide more often?

문제 7a

For the following equilibrium processes and the corresponding ∆G°, indicate whether you expect the equilibrium constant to be greater than, equal to, or less than 1. Justify your expectation in words.

(a)

문제 7b

For the following equilibrium processes and the corresponding ∆G° , indicate whether you expect the equilibrium constant to be greater than, equal to, or less than 1. Justify your expectation in words.

(b)

문제 10a

For the following equilibrium processes and the corresponding ∆G°, calculate (i) K_eq and (ii) the % composition of the equilibrium mixture (% reactants, % products) at 298 K.

(a)

문제 10b

For the following equilibrium processes and the corresponding ∆G°, calculate (i) K_eq and (ii) the % composition of the equilibrium mixture (% reactants, % products) at 298 K.

(b)

문제 11a

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

(a) ∆H° = -15 kcal/mol ; ∆S° = +37 cal/mol•K ; T = 273 K

문제 11b

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

(b) ∆H° = +7.34 kcal/mol ; ∆S° = +43 cal/mol•K ; T = 325 K

문제 11c

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

문제 11d

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

(d) ∆H° = -8.3 kcal/mol ; ∆S° = -12 cal/mol•K ; T = 298 K

문제 12a

At what temperature does the entropy change of a process not contribute to the favorability of a process?

문제 13

Which of the following carbocations would you expect to undergo rearrangement?

문제 13a

A certain process has ∆H° = 11.7 kcal/mol and AS° = +33cal/mol•K . That is, this reaction has an unfavorable enthalpy but a favorable entropy term. At what temperature will the process be neither favored nor disfavored?

문제 14a

Considering the process described in Assessment 5.13, will it be favored or disfavored at a temperature higher than the one you calculated? How about at a temperature below what you calculated?