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문제 14d
Compute the empirical and molecular formulas for each of the following elemental analyses. In each case, propose at least one structure that fits the molecular formula.
문제 15b
Make a model of propane (C3H8), and draw this model using dashed lines and wedges to represent bonds going back and coming forward.
문제 16a
Predict the hybridization of the oxygen atom in water, H2O. Draw a picture of its three-dimensional structure, and explain why its bond angle is 104.5°.
문제 16b
The electrostatic potential maps for ammonia and water are shown here. The structure of ammonia is shown within its EPM. Note how the lone pair creates a region of high electron potential (red), and the hydrogens are in regions of low electron potential (blue). Show how your three-dimensional structure of water corresponds with its EPM.
문제 17a
Predict the hybridization, geometry, and bond angles for the central atoms in
a. but-2-ene, CH3CH=CHCH3
문제 17b
Predict the hybridization, geometry, and bond angles for the central atoms in
b. CH3CH=NH
문제 18
Predict the hybridization, geometry, and bond angles for the carbon and nitrogen atoms in acetonitrile (CH3–C≡N:).
문제 22
For each pair of structures, determine whether they represent different compounds or a single compound.
문제 23b,c
Two compounds with the formula CH3–CH=N–CH3 are known.
b. What two compounds have this formula?
c. Explain why only one compound with the formula (CH3)2CNCH3 is known.
문제 24a,b,c
Which of the following compounds show cis-trans isomerism? Draw the cis and trans isomers of those that do.
(a) CHF=CHF
(b) F2C=CH2
(c) CH2=CH–CH2–CH3
문제 25a,b,c
Give the relationship between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are:
same compound
constitutional isomers (structural isomers)
cis-trans isomers
not isomers (different molecular formula)
(a)
(b)
(c)
문제 25g,h,i
Give the relationship between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are:
same compound
constitutional isomers (structural isomers)
cis-trans isomers
not isomers (different molecular formula)
(g) CH3–CH2–CH2–CH3 and CH3–CH=CH–CH3
(h) CH2=CH–CH2CH2CH3 and CH3–CH=CH–CH2CH3
(i) CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2
문제 25j,k
Give the relationship between the following pairs of structures. The possible relationships are:
same compound
constitutional isomers (structural isomers)
cis-trans isomers
not isomers (different molecular formula)
(j)
(k)
문제 26a
a. Draw the resonance forms for SO2 (bonded O–S–O).
문제 26b,c
b. Draw the resonance forms for ozone (bonded O–O–O)
c. Sulfur dioxide has one more resonance form than ozone. Explain why this structure is not possible for ozone.
문제 27
Name the element that corresponds to each electronic configuration.
a. 1s2 2s2 2p2
b. 1s2 2s2 2p4
c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
d. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
문제 28
There is a small portion of the periodic table that you must know to do organic chemistry. Construct this part from memory, using the following steps.
a. From memory, make a list of the elements in the first two rows of the periodic table, together with their numbers of valence electrons
b. Use this list to construct the first two rows of the periodic table.
c. Organic compounds often contain sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Add these elements to your periodic table.
문제 29
For each compound, state whether its bonding is covalent, ionic, or a mixture of covalent and ionic.
a. NaCl
b. NaOH
c. CH3Li
d. CH2Cl2
e. NaOCH3
f. HCO2Na
g. CF4
문제 30a
Both PCl3 and PCl5 are stable compounds. Draw Lewis structures for these two compounds.
문제 31a-d
Draw a Lewis Structure for each species.
a. N2H4
b. N2H2
c. (CH3)2NH2Cl
d. CH3CN
문제 31e-h
Draw a Lewis Structure for each species.
e. CH3CHO
f. CH3S(O)CH3
g. H2SO4
h. CH3NCO
문제 31i-k
Draw a Lewis Structure for each species.
i. CH3OSO2OCH3
j. CH3C(NH)CH3
k. (CH3)3CNO
문제 32a,b
Draw a Lewis structure for each compound. Include all nonbonding pairs of electrons.
a. CH3COCH2CHCHCOOH
b. NCCH2COCH2CHO
문제 33a,b
Draw a line-angle formula for each compound.
a. CH3COCH2CHCHCOOH
b. NCCH2COCH2CHO
문제 33c,d
Draw a line-angle formula for each compound.
c. CH2CHCH(OH)CH2CO2H
d. CH2CHC(CH3)CHCOOCH3
문제 34a,b
Draw Lewis structures for
a. two compounds of formula C4H10
b. two compounds of formula C2H6O
문제 35a
Draw a complete structural formula and a condensed structural formula for
a. three compounds of formula C3H8O
문제 35b
Draw a complete structural formula and a condensed structural formula for
b. five compounds of formula C3H6O
문제 36
Some of the following molecular formulas correspond to stable compounds. When possible, draw a stable structure for each formula. Propose a general rule for the numbers of hydrogen atoms in stable hydrocarbons.
문제 37a,b,c
Draw complete Lewis structures, including lone pairs, for the following compounds.
(a)
(b)
(c)
