The electron drift speed is 2.0 X 10⁻⁴ m/s in a metal with a mean time between collisions of 5.0 x 10⁻¹⁴. What is the electric field strength?

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Understand the relationship between the drift speed, electric field, and mean time between collisions. The drift speed \(v_d\) is related to the electric field \(E\) through the equation \(v_d = \mu E\), where \(\mu\) is the mobility of the electrons. Mobility \(\mu\) can be expressed as \(\mu = \frac{e \tau}{m}\), where \(e\) is the charge of an electron, \(\tau\) is the mean time between collisions, and \(m\) is the mass of an electron.

Substitute the expression for \(\mu\) into the drift speed equation. This gives \(v_d = \frac{e \tau}{m} E\). Rearrange this equation to solve for the electric field \(E\): \(E = \frac{v_d m}{e \tau}\).

Identify the known values: \(v_d = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \ \text{m/s}\), \(\tau = 5.0 \times 10^{-14} \ \text{s}\), \(e = 1.6 \times 10^{-19} \ \text{C}\) (charge of an electron), and \(m = 9.11 \times 10^{-31} \ \text{kg}\) (mass of an electron).

Substitute the known values into the equation \(E = \frac{v_d m}{e \tau}\). This becomes \(E = \frac{(2.0 \times 10^{-4})(9.11 \times 10^{-31})}{(1.6 \times 10^{-19})(5.0 \times 10^{-14})}\).

Simplify the expression to calculate the electric field \(E\). Perform the arithmetic operations step by step to ensure accuracy, but do not compute the final value here.

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주요 개념

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Drift Speed

Drift speed refers to the average velocity that a charged particle, such as an electron, attains due to an electric field. In conductive materials, electrons move randomly but, when an electric field is applied, they gain a net velocity in the direction of the field. This drift speed is typically very small, as seen in the given value of 2.0 x 10⁻⁴ m/s.

Mean Time Between Collisions

The mean time between collisions is the average time interval that an electron travels before colliding with an atom in the metal. This parameter is crucial for understanding the behavior of charge carriers in a conductor, as it affects their mobility and the overall conductivity of the material. In this case, the mean time is given as 5.0 x 10⁻¹⁴ seconds.

Electric Field Strength

Electric field strength, often denoted as E, is defined as the force per unit charge experienced by a positive test charge placed in the field. It is related to the drift speed and mean time between collisions through the equation E = (drift speed) / (mean time between collisions) multiplied by the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron. Understanding this relationship is essential for calculating the electric field strength in the given scenario.