Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

A small number of antigen-specific lymphocytes are selected, proliferate, and differentiate into effector and memory cells.

Question 2

Which cell type acts as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems by presenting antigens to lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 3

A patient receives an injection of preformed antibodies after exposure to rabies. This is an example of which type of acquired immunity?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a key attribute of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response to all pathogens

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the adaptive immune system does not attack the body’s own cells under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

It is tolerant to self-antigens, preventing autoimmunity.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of antibodies produced by B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Activating complement and promoting phagocytosis

Question 7

A child develops immunity to chickenpox after recovering from the infection. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of CD4+ T helper cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They produce cytokines to direct and tailor immune responses.

Question 9

Which pathway is used by cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Perforin-granzyme pathway

Question 10

Why is the secondary immune response faster and more robust than the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Because memory cells are already present and can rapidly respond to the antigen.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of Th2 cells?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and mediate anti-parasite responses.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation → Helper T cell differentiation → Clonal expansion → Self-stimulation

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificially acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a vaccine for measles

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why immune responses may sometimes cause more damage than the pathogen itself?

Accepted Answer

Extreme immune responses can lead to tissue damage and conditions like anaphylactic shock.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Direct killing of infected cells via apoptosis

Question 16

A newborn receives IgG antibodies from the mother through the placenta. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes immunological memory?

Accepted Answer

The ability of the immune system to respond more rapidly and vigorously to previously encountered antigens.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of B cell receptors (BCRs)?

Accepted Answer

Each B cell expresses receptors with a single antigen specificity.

Question 19

Which of the following diseases is associated with immune pathology due to a failure of tolerance to self-antigens?

Accepted Answer

Type I Diabetes

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the body maintains a small number of each antigen-specific lymphocyte?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the immune system from being overwhelmed by too many cells.

Adaptive Immune System: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions