Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

A small number of antigen-specific lymphocytes are selected, proliferate, and differentiate into effector and memory cells.

Question 2

A patient receives an injection of preformed antibodies after exposure to rabies. This is an example of which type of acquired immunity?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses by presenting antigens to lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a key attribute of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response

Question 5

A child develops immunity to chickenpox after recovering from the disease. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the adaptive immune system does not normally attack the body’s own cells?

Accepted Answer

It is unresponsive to self-antigens due to tolerance mechanisms.

Question 7

Which pathway is used by cytotoxic T cells to induce apoptosis in infected cells by releasing perforin and granzyme?

Accepted Answer

Perforin-granzyme pathway

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of antibodies produced by B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Activating complement and promoting inflammation

Question 9

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They persist in lymphoid tissue and enable a faster, stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 11

Which cytokine is primarily produced by Th1 cells and is responsible for activating macrophages to fight intracellular microbes?

Accepted Answer

INFγ

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and more robust than a primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells generated during the primary response rapidly recognize and respond to the antigen.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of cytotoxic T (Tc) cells?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation → Helper T cell differentiation → Clonal expansion → Self-stimulation

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Direct phagocytosis of pathogens

Question 15

A patient with a genetic defect fails to produce functional CD4+ T cells. Which of the following immune responses would be most impaired?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies by B cells

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the high antigenic specificity of the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

Each B and T cell expresses a unique antigen-specific receptor.

Question 17

Which of the following is a potential consequence of the immune system failing to tolerate self-antigens?

Accepted Answer

Development of autoimmune disorders

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of secondary lymphoid organs in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They are the sites where adaptive immune responses are initiated by antigen presentation to naïve lymphocytes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill infected or abnormal cells using perforin and granzyme.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies bind to pathogens, marking them for phagocytosis by immune cells.

Adaptive Immune System: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions