Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of cytotoxic T cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They kill infected or abnormal body cells, such as those infected by viruses or transformed into cancer cells.

Question 2

Which step in the activation of cytotoxic T cells involves the interaction between a T cell receptor (TCR) and an antigen presented on MHC I?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation

Question 3

What is the main difference between the perforin-granzyme pathway and the CD95 pathway used by cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

The perforin-granzyme pathway induces apoptosis by releasing enzymes, while the CD95 pathway uses a glycoprotein-mediated signal to trigger apoptosis.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why memory T cells respond more rapidly upon re-exposure to an antigen?

Accepted Answer

They do not require antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to become activated.

Question 5

Which of the following is a key regulatory mechanism to prevent T cell responses against self-antigens (autoantigens)?

Accepted Answer

T cells require additional signals from antigen-presenting cells to become fully activated.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a step in the inducement of T-dependent antibody immunity?

Accepted Answer

Activation of cytotoxic T cells

Question 7

What is the primary role of plasma cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

To secrete large quantities of antibodies specific to the antigen that triggered their production.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about memory B cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They do not secrete antibodies but can rapidly initiate antibody production upon re-exposure to the antigen.

Question 9

During a secondary immune response, which immunoglobulin is produced in the greatest quantity and with the fastest kinetics?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{IgG}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes artificially acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving pre-formed antibodies from another individual via injection.

Question 11

A patient receives a vaccine containing inactivated virus particles. Which type of immunity is being induced?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs during clonal expansion of activated B cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of both plasma cells and memory B cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation → Helper T cell differentiation → Clonal expansion → Self-stimulation

Question 14

A child is exposed to chickenpox and develops immunity after recovering. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is more effective than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells allow for a faster and greater production of antibodies upon re-exposure to the antigen.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of naturally acquired passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A newborn receiving maternal antibodies through breast milk.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of regulatory T cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They moderate cytotoxic T cell activity to prevent excessive immune responses.

Question 18

A patient receives antibodies against rabies after being bitten by a potentially rabid animal. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells in T-dependent antibody immunity?

Accepted Answer

They provide signals necessary for B cell activation and differentiation.

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of clonal selection in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A B cell with a receptor specific for a bacterial antigen proliferates and differentiates after encountering the antigen.

Adaptive Immunity: Cell-Mediated and Antibody Responses

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