Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present at birth and provides immediate defense, while adaptive immunity develops over time and targets specific antigens.

Question 2

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after being exposed to rabies. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are composed of two heavy chains and two light chains connected by disulfide bridges.

Question 4

What is the role of clonal deletion in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

To destroy B and T cells that react to self-antigens, preventing autoimmunity

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why haptens alone do NOT elicit an immune response?

Accepted Answer

Haptens must be attached to a carrier molecule to become antigenic.

Question 6

A child recovers from measles and is protected from future infections by the same virus. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 7

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily responsible for the secondary immune response and is most abundant in serum?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 8

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?

Accepted Answer

They destroy infected cells by releasing perforin, leading to cell lysis.

Question 10

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating macrophages and increasing their phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

$$\gamma-$$interferon

Question 11

A vaccine introduces a weakened form of a pathogen to stimulate immunity. Which process best describes the immune response to this vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies coat pathogens, enhancing their uptake by phagocytes.

Question 13

Which cell type is the main antigen-presenting cell responsible for initiating T cell responses?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cell

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of apoptosis but NOT necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Results in cell fragmentation and phagocytosis of cell debris

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why natural killer (NK) cells can destroy tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

NK cells recognize and destroy cells lacking MHC I molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of memory B cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide a rapid and robust antibody response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 17

Which immunoglobulin class is most effective at agglutinating antigens due to its pentameric structure?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 18

A patient with a genetic defect cannot produce MHC class I molecules. Which immune cell function would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Recognition and killing of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of positive selection in T cell development?

Accepted Answer

T cells that bind moderately to MHC complexes receive survival signals.

Question 20

Which cytokine is responsible for attracting phagocytes to the site of infection?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-8

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host (Chapter 17) - Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions