Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense, while adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens and develops memory.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine for influenza. Which type of immunity is being stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 3

Which cell is most associated with humoral immunity, and which cell is the basis of cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

B cell for humoral, T cell for cellular

Question 4

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for inducing migration of leukocytes to areas of infection?

Accepted Answer

Chemokines

Question 5

What is the function of haptens in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are small antigens that must attach to carrier molecules to provoke an immune response.

Question 6

Which region of an antibody molecule is responsible for binding to the epitope of an antigen?

Accepted Answer

Variable (V) region

Question 7

Which class of antibody is most likely to protect you from a common cold, considering its presence in mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 8

What is the primary advantage of the Y-shaped structure of antibodies compared to a rod-shaped structure?

Accepted Answer

It enables antibodies to bind to two identical epitopes, increasing their effectiveness.

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin class is a pentamer and is most effective at causing agglutination?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 10

During the activation of B cells, which molecule displays antigen fragments to helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

Class II MHC

Question 11

Which outcome is NOT a result of antigen-antibody interaction?

Accepted Answer

Production of cytokines by B cells

Question 12

Which T cell type is generally involved when a B cell reacts with an antigen and produces antibodies against the antigen?

Accepted Answer

T helper cell (CD4+)

Question 13

What is the main function of T regulatory cells (Treg)?

Accepted Answer

Suppress T cells against self and protect beneficial intestinal bacteria

Question 14

Which process describes the elimination of harmful B cells that could attack self-tissues?

Accepted Answer

Clonal deletion via apoptosis

Question 15

A patient is injected with gamma globulin to treat hepatitis. What type of adaptive immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 16

Which cell type is NOT considered an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 17

Which antibody class is most likely to be involved in allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 18

What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells in the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

Destroy cells that do not express MHC class I self-antigens

Question 19

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in serum and can cross the placenta to protect the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 20

During a secondary immune response, which immunoglobulin is produced in greater quantity and more rapidly than during the primary response?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Study Guide - Practice Questions