$$\text{Antibody Titer} \propto \text{Intensity of Humoral Response}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between adaptive and innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens and has memory, while innate immunity is non-specific and lacks memory.

Question 2

A vaccine is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Question 3

Which cell is most associated with humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

B cell

Question 4

What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They act as chemical messengers to coordinate immune responses.

Question 5

Which cytokine is most involved in inflammation and autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

TNF-alpha

Question 6

What is a hapten?

Accepted Answer

A small antigen that must attach to a carrier molecule to provoke an immune response.

Question 7

Which region of an antibody binds to the epitope of an antigen?

Accepted Answer

Variable (V) region

Question 8

What is the primary advantage of the Y-shaped structure of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

It allows antibodies to bind to two epitopes simultaneously, increasing their effectiveness.

Question 9

Which class of antibody is most likely to protect you from a common cold?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 10

What is the outcome of clonal selection in B cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of plasma cells and memory cells

Question 11

Which antibody class is most associated with agglutination?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 12

Which antibody classes may activate the complement system?

Accepted Answer

IgG and IgM

Question 13

Which T cell type is generally involved when a B cell reacts with an antigen and produces antibodies against the antigen?

Accepted Answer

T helper cell (TH)

Question 14

What is the function of T regulatory cells (Treg)?

Accepted Answer

Suppress T cells against self and maintain immune tolerance

Question 15

What is apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death

Question 16

How do natural killer (NK) cells respond if the target cell does not have MHC class I molecules on its surface?

Accepted Answer

They destroy the target cell by inducing lysis or apoptosis.

Question 17

Which type of adaptive immunity is involved when gamma globulin is injected into a person?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 18

During a secondary immune response, which antibody class is produced in greater quantity after class switching?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between antibody titer and the intensity of the humoral response?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Antibody Titer} \propto 	ext{Intensity of Humoral Response}$$

Question 20

Which region of the antibody molecule is responsible for the huge genetic diversity of antibody production?

Accepted Answer

Variable (V) region

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Study Guide - Practice Questions