Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between humoral and cellular immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity involves B cells producing antibodies against antigens in body fluids, while cellular immunity involves T cells targeting infected or abnormal cells.

Question 2

A patient receives an injection of antibodies after exposure to rabies. What type of adaptive immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of interleukins?

Accepted Answer

Act as cytokines between leukocytes

Question 4

A hapten can become immunogenic when:

Accepted Answer

It attaches to a carrier molecule, forming a complete antigen.

Question 5

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily responsible for the secondary immune response and is most abundant in serum?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 6

What is the main outcome of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Accepted Answer

Lysis of large target cells, such as helminths, by immune cells releasing cytotoxic chemicals

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC class I molecules?

Accepted Answer

Present endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

Question 8

A person is exposed to a pathogen for the first time. Which antibody is produced first?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of TH1 cells?

Accepted Answer

Activate macrophages and cytotoxic T cells by producing IFN-\gamma

Question 10

What is the primary function of T regulatory (Treg) cells?

Accepted Answer

Suppress T cells against self-antigens and help maintain tolerance

Question 11

Which process describes the elimination of B cells that may react against self-antigens during development?

Accepted Answer

Clonal deletion

Question 12

A virus-infected cell is destroyed by a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). What is the mechanism of cell death?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis induced by perforin and granzymes

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a result of antigen–antibody binding?

Accepted Answer

Direct lysis of bacteria by antibodies alone

Question 14

Which cell type is responsible for killing cells that do not express MHC class I molecules?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer (NK) cells

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a secondary immune response is faster and more robust than a primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells produced during the primary response are quickly activated upon re-exposure.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of antibody class and function?

Accepted Answer

IgA – found in secretions such as saliva and breast milk

Question 17

A child receives antibodies from her mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection?

Accepted Answer

The activation and proliferation of B cells that recognize a specific antigen, leading to plasma and memory cell formation

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of chemokines?

Accepted Answer

Induce migration of leukocytes to sites of infection

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They engulf and process antigens, presenting them on MHC molecules to T cells.

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

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