Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity uses pattern recognition receptors, while adaptive immunity uses T cell receptors and antibodies.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a property of antigens?

Accepted Answer

They are always proteins from viruses, fungi, or protozoa.

Question 3

A patient receives a kidney transplant. Which molecules are most important in determining tissue compatibility?

Accepted Answer

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

Question 4

Which class of MHC proteins is present on all nucleated cells except red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Activation of complement and inflammation

Question 6

Which antibody class is most common and longest-lasting in the body?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 8

Which process ensures that self-reactive lymphocytes are eliminated to prevent autoimmunity?

Accepted Answer

Clonal deletion

Question 9

Which cytokine is responsible for the cloning of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin 2 (IL-2)

Question 10

What is the main function of plasma cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of antibodies

Question 11

Which pathway is used by cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells by forming pores in the target cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Perforin-granzyme pathway

Question 12

Why is passive immunity effective more quickly than active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity involves the direct transfer of antibodies, bypassing the need for the body to produce them.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why memory cells are important in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They initiate a faster and more effective response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificially acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a vaccine against influenza

Question 15

A patient is exposed to tetanus toxin and receives antitoxin antibodies. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 16

Which of the following is true about B cell receptor (BCR) diversity?

Accepted Answer

RAG enzyme combines different variable region gene segments to generate antibody diversity.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of helper T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing infected cells

Question 18

Which immune response is primarily responsible for eliminating intracellular pathogens such as viruses?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immune response

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC class II proteins?

Accepted Answer

They are present on antigen-presenting cells and display exogenous antigens to helper T cells.

Question 20

A patient with an autoimmune disease likely has a breakdown in which aspect of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Tolerance for self-antigens

Adaptive Immunity: Structure, Function, and Mechanisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions