Question 1

Which feature of the adaptive immune response allows a person to respond more rapidly and effectively to a pathogen upon second exposure?

Accepted Answer

Memory

Question 2

A patient receives antibodies against tetanus toxin after a suspected exposure. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive, artificial immunity

Question 3

Which immunoglobulin is most effective at activating complement?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 4

What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?

Accepted Answer

Kill infected or abnormal cells by releasing perforin and granzymes

Question 5

Which equation best represents the diversity of T cell receptors (TCRs) generated by DNA rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{18}$$

Question 6

Which MHC class presents antigens derived from proteins synthesized within the cell?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I

Question 7

A superantigen causes massive activation of CD4+ T cells. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessel and organ damage due to cytokine storm

Question 8

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in blood and can cross the placenta?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 9

What is the main function of the Fc region of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

Interact with other immune components such as complement and Fc receptors

Question 10

Which cytokine is produced by TH1 cells to activate macrophages and cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

IFN-\gamma

Question 11

A patient with high levels of IgM and low levels of IgG in their blood is most likely experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A recent or new infection

Question 12

Which process allows B cells to produce antibodies with different constant regions but the same antigen specificity?

Accepted Answer

Class switching

Question 13

Which equation best describes the number of possible antibody combinations generated by B cells?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	imes 10^6$

Question 14

Which immunoglobulin is most important for protecting mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 15

Which type of vaccine is most likely to require refrigeration and carries a rare risk of reversion to virulence?

Accepted Answer

Live attenuated vaccine

Question 16

What is the primary mechanism by which NK cells kill target cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Accepted Answer

Binding to Fc region of IgG antibodies

Question 17

Which cytokine is produced by TH17 cells and is important for recruiting neutrophils and promoting inflammation?

Accepted Answer

IL-17

Question 18

Which process is responsible for presenting exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells?

Accepted Answer

MHC class II pathway

Question 19

Which equation best represents the log antibody titer response during a secondary antigen challenge?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{IgG} \gg 	ext{IgM}$$

Question 20

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

A population with high vaccination rates reduces the spread of measles, protecting unvaccinated individuals

Adaptive Immunity: T Cells, B Cells, Antibodies, and Immunization

Study Guide - Practice Questions