Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic of adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Immediate response to pathogens

Question 2

A B cell binds to an antigen and presents a fragment on its surface bound to an MHC protein. What is the next step in T-dependent B cell activation?

Accepted Answer

A helper T cell binds and releases cytokines to activate the B cell

Question 3

Which region of an antibody determines its class and interacts with other immune system components?

Accepted Answer

Constant region (C)

Question 4

What is the primary function of opsonization in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To coat pathogens with antibodies, enhancing phagocytosis

Question 5

A patient develops an allergic reaction to penicillin. This is best explained by which immunological concept?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin acts as a hapten, binding to body proteins and becoming antigenic

Question 6

Which antibody type is most effective against microorganisms and is the first produced in response to an initial infection?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 7

What is the result of clonal deletion during B cell differentiation?

Accepted Answer

B cells that recognize 'self' antigens are eliminated

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE about T-independent antigens?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate B cells directly, resulting in a weaker response and no memory cells

Question 9

Which equation best represents the relationship between antibody concentration and time during a secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Antibody concentration increases rapidly and reaches a higher peak than the primary response: $$	ext{IgG}_{	ext{secondary}} \u003e 	ext{IgG}_{	ext{primary}}$$

Question 10

Which immune process is illustrated when antibodies bind to multiple bacteria, restricting their movement and facilitating phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination

Question 11

During thymic selection, what happens to T cells that do NOT recognize MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

They undergo apoptosis

Question 12

Which cell type is responsible for directly killing virus-infected cells by inducing apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)

Question 13

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother via breast milk. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of dendritic cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They present antigens on MHC molecules to activate T helper cells

Question 15

What is the effect of complement activation by antibodies bound to a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

It causes inflammation and cell lysis

Question 16

Which equation represents the probability that a B cell will recognize a specific epitope, given $$n$$ different B cell receptors and $$m$$ epitopes?

Accepted Answer

Probability $$= \frac{1}{m}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a result of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils and macrophages are attracted to the target organism and induce apoptosis

Question 18

If a person lacked dendritic cells, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired activation of T helper cells and reduced adaptive immune response

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of neutralization?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies coat pathogens or toxins, blocking their attachment to host cells

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding memory B cells?

Accepted Answer

They produce a rapid and robust IgG response upon second exposure to the same antigen

Adaptive Immunity: The Third Line of Defense

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards