Question 1

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical behavior and bonding of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 2

A hospital uses a radioactive isotope for PET scans to detect cancer. Which property of isotopes makes them useful for this application?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation that can be detected externally.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the bond formed when sodium reacts with chlorine to make table salt?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the formation of a sodium ion from a sodium atom?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}^+ + e^-$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

They occur between a slightly positive hydrogen and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 6

A scientist is designing a drug to fit precisely into a protein's active site. Which type of chemical interaction is MOST important for the specificity of this fit?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why metals are good conductors of electricity?

Accepted Answer

Their electrons are free to move in a 'sea of electrons.'

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a precursor for hormone production.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 11

Which of the following equations represents the dehydration synthesis of two glucose molecules to form maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + \mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{12}\mathrm{H}_{22}\mathrm{O}_{11} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are considered healthier than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds, making them liquid at room temperature.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Question 15

A mutation changes a single base in a DNA sequence from adenine to cytosine. Which type of bond is directly affected by this change?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond between base pairs

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Alternating sugars and phosphate groups

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of van der Waals forces?

Accepted Answer

Temporary adhesion of gecko feet to surfaces

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water is a good solvent for many biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can form hydrogen bonds with solutes.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process by which proteins are synthesized from amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Lec 03:Biochemistry Foundations for Microbiology: Atoms, Bonds, and Biomolecules

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