Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between catabolism and anabolism in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism generates energy and reducing power, which is then used by anabolism for biosynthesis.

Question 2

In Acetobacterium woodii, acetogenesis from $$\mathrm{H}_2$$ and $$\mathrm{CO}_2$$ results in the production of acetate. Which equation represents this process?

Accepted Answer

$$4\mathrm{H}_2 + 2\mathrm{CO}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Acetate} + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 3

Which molecule is the main precursor for purine nucleotide biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Inosinic acid

Question 4

During the Calvin-Benson cycle, what is the overall stoichiometry for the synthesis of one molecule of fructose-6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$6\mathrm{CO}_2 + 12\mathrm{NADPH} + 18\mathrm{ATP} + 17\mathrm{P}_i \rightarrow \mathrm{Fructose-6-phosphate}$$

Question 5

Which pathway is primarily responsible for the biosynthesis of pentoses such as ribose and deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 6

What is the role of acyl carrier protein (ACP) in fatty acid biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ACP holds the growing fatty acid chain during its synthesis.

Question 7

Which of the following reactions is catalyzed by glutamine synthetase in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Glutamate} + \mathrm{NH}_3 + \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{Glutamine} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 8

Which activated glucose molecule is used for the biosynthesis of glycogen in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG)

Question 9

In biological nitrogen fixation, how many ATP molecules are required to reduce one molecule of $$\mathrm{N}_2 to$$ $$2\mathrm{NH}_3$$?

Accepted Answer

16 ATP

Question 10

Which of the following is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of amino acids derived from glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for converting ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides during DNA biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribonucleotide reductase

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct regarding biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Intermediates from the citric acid cycle are used as carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following is a precursor for pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Uridylate

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the removal of $$\mathrm{CO}_2$$ from hexose sugars to produce pentoses?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a product of the biosynthesis of polysaccharides from activated glucose?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 16

Which molecule is used as a precursor for the biosynthesis of fatty acids, being added two carbons at a time?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 17

Which pathway is used to generate ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life application of biosynthetic pathways in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics targeting bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process involving both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle for amino acid biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to serine, then to glycine via glycolysis and citric acid cycle intermediates.

Biosynthesis and Metabolic Pathways in Microorganisms

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