Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences, producing sticky ends for ligation.

Question 2

A scientist wants to clone a gene into a plasmid. Which enzyme is required to join the gene fragment to the plasmid after both are cut with the same restriction enzyme?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 3

What is the primary advantage of using E. coli as a host for recombinant DNA production?

Accepted Answer

It is easily grown and its genomics are well understood.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a method for inserting foreign DNA into cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 5

In the process of PCR, what is the function of primers?

Accepted Answer

They provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA.

Question 6

A forensic scientist needs to identify a suspect from a small blood sample. Which technique would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

PCR followed by DNA fingerprinting

Question 7

Which equation best represents the exponential amplification of DNA during PCR, where $$n is $$the number of cycles?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 8

Why are plasmids commonly used as vectors in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They can self-replicate and carry foreign DNA into host cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Production of Bt toxin in plants to kill insect pests.

Question 10

A tomato plant is genetically modified to suppress the gene for polygalacturonase. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

The tomatoes will stay firmer longer due to reduced pectin breakdown.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why DNA fingerprinting is useful in tracing the source of a pathogen outbreak?

Accepted Answer

It compares the pattern of DNA fragments from different samples to establish genetic identity.

Question 12

What is the main ethical concern regarding the use of DNA technology in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Who will have access to an individual's genetic information.

Question 13

Which step in the creation of recombinant DNA ensures that the gene of interest is expressed in the host cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation of the host cell with the recombinant plasmid.

Question 14

A patient sample is tested for a rare genetic disorder using PCR. Which step is essential for confirming the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Sequencing the amplified DNA region to detect mutations.

Question 15

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using E. coli for protein production?

Accepted Answer

It produces endotoxins and does not secrete protein products.

Question 16

What is the purpose of the 'ori' region in a plasmid used for recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

It allows the plasmid to self-replicate within the host cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of shotgun sequencing used in the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

Sequencing small pieces of genomes and assembling them by computer.

Question 18

A gene encoding herbicide resistance is transferred from Salmonella to a crop plant. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The crop plant will survive glyphosate treatment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a therapeutic application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Production of human insulin in bacteria.

Question 20

Which field was developed to handle the massive amount of data generated by genome sequencing projects?

Accepted Answer

Bioinformatics

Biotechnology and DNA Technology: Principles and Applications

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