Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

To insert or modify genes in order to produce desired proteins.

Question 2

A researcher wants to amplify a specific DNA sequence from a small blood sample to diagnose a genetic disease. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They recognize and cut specific DNA sequences, often producing sticky ends.

Question 4

A scientist is using a plasmid to transfer a gene from one species to another. What is the role of the plasmid in this process?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a vector to carry the new DNA into the desired cell.

Question 5

Which method would be most appropriate for introducing DNA into a plant cell with a rigid cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Gene gun

Question 6

Why must endotoxins be removed from products produced by genetically engineered E. coli?

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins can cause harmful immune responses in humans.

Question 7

Which of the following is a real-world application of DNA fingerprinting?

Accepted Answer

Identifying individuals in forensic investigations

Question 8

A gene library is constructed by storing fragments of an organism’s genome in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids or phages

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why site-directed mutagenesis is a powerful tool in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

It enables the precise alteration of a specific DNA sequence to change a protein’s function.

Question 10

Which of the following equations best represents the exponential amplification of DNA during PCR, where $$n is $$the number of cycles and $$N_0 is $$the initial number of DNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 11

A patient is missing a functional copy of a gene. Which biotechnology application could potentially treat this condition?

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy

Question 12

Which of the following is a major ethical concern associated with recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Accidental release of genetically modified organisms into the environment

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a method for inserting foreign DNA into a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA methylation

Question 14

A scientist wants to express a eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell. Which type of DNA should be used to avoid introns?

Accepted Answer

cDNA synthesized from mRNA

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of shuttle vectors?

Accepted Answer

They are vectors that can exist in several different species and move DNA among organisms.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key safety consideration when developing genetically modified crops?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring crops are safe for consumption and do not harm the environment

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

It aimed to sequence all the nucleotides in the human genome.

Question 18

A researcher is using electroporation to introduce DNA into bacterial cells. What is the principle behind this technique?

Accepted Answer

Applying an electric current to create microscopic pores in the cell membrane

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a subunit vaccine produced using recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

The hepatitis B vaccine

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why methylated cytosines in host DNA protect it from restriction enzyme digestion?

Accepted Answer

Methylation prevents the restriction enzyme from binding to the DNA.

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA: Principles and Applications

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