Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To deliver nutrients, immune factors, and oxygen to tissues and carry away waste products for elimination

Question 2

What distinguishes the lymphatic system from the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

The lymphatic system moves fluid in one direction, draining from tissues into veins above the heart

Question 3

Which of the following is a key risk factor for developing sepsis?

Accepted Answer

Recent surgery or invasive medical procedures

Question 4

Sepsis is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A severe host inflammatory response triggered by microbes or microbial toxins in the blood

Question 5

Which equation best represents the calculation of SOFA score for sepsis diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

$$SOFA = \sum_{i=1}^{6} S_i$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about arboviruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses, often transmitted by mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti

Question 7

A pregnant woman infected with Zika virus should wait how long after symptoms before attempting conception to avoid fetal complications?

Accepted Answer

8 weeks

Question 8

Which of the following is a major complication of vertical transmission of Zika virus?

Accepted Answer

Microcephaly and arrested fetal brain development

Question 9

Ebola virus is classified as which type of virus?

Accepted Answer

Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus of the Filoviridae family

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a recommended prevention strategy for Ebola virus?

Accepted Answer

Traveling to outbreak areas during epidemics

Question 11

Which stage of HIV infection is characterized by CD4+ T helper cell levels below 200 cells/μl and the presence of opportunistic infections?

Accepted Answer

Stage 3 – Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Question 12

Which equation best describes the relationship between viral load and CD4+ T cell count in HIV infection progression?

Accepted Answer

$$Viral\ Load \propto \frac{1}{CD4^+\ T\ cell\ count}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a primary vector for Yersinia pestis transmission to humans?

Accepted Answer

Fleas

Question 14

Which form of plague is the only one transmitted person-to-person?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonic plague

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

It is a Gram-negative spirochete with continual surface antigen variation

Question 16

Which of the following is the most common and diagnostic sign of early localized Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Erythema migrans (bull's-eye rash)

Question 17

Which equation best represents the minimum time required for tick attachment to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi?

Accepted Answer

$$t_{min} = 36\ hours$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a recommended prevention strategy for Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Prompt removal of attached ticks with tweezers

Question 19

Which of the following statements about Plasmodium falciparum is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes

Question 20

Which equation best represents the cyclic nature of malaria symptoms?

Accepted Answer

$$Cycle\ period = 2	ext{ to }3\ days$$

Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Infections: Systemic Infections in Microbiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions