Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to the Modern Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Refer to the first image (blood smear). Which cell type is anuclear and what is the significance of this feature?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells; they lack a nucleus to maximize space for hemoglobin.

Question 3

Which structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells, as seen in the last two diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 4

A drug like penicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis. Why does this drug affect bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cells have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, which human cells lack.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and stores water.

Question 6

In the third image (skeletal muscle tissue), what is the significance of the striations observed in the muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

They are caused by the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments, allowing contraction.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{1\;cell\;\xrightarrow{mitosis}\;2\;identical\;daughter\;cells}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis are effective against bacteria but not fungi?

Accepted Answer

Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin, not peptidoglycan.

Question 9

Which of the following structures is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with a prominent nucleus, mitochondria, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

Question 12

Which of the following is a unique feature of skeletal muscle cells compared to most other cell types?

Accepted Answer

They are multinucleated.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells are anuclear in mammals?

Accepted Answer

To maximize space for hemoglobin and oxygen transport.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A jelly-like substance where organelles are suspended.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct comparison between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Only plant cells have chloroplasts.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of white blood cells that distinguishes them from red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against pathogens.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis are not effective against viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack a cell wall entirely.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste.

Cell Structure and Cell Theory Study Guidance (A&P I Lab)

Study Guide - Practice Questions