Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of a bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

It prevents the bacterium from being recognized by the host immune system.

Question 2

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is highly resistant to antibiotics and host defenses. Which structure is most likely contributing to this resistance?

Accepted Answer

Biofilm

Question 3

Which of the following arrangements describes bacteria with flagella distributed all over their surface?

Accepted Answer

Peritrichous

Question 4

A Gram-negative bacterium is observed under the microscope. How many pairs of rings are present in its flagellar basal body?

Accepted Answer

Two pairs

Question 5

Which external structure is primarily responsible for bacterial conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Question 6

A bacterium moves in a corkscrew motion and can penetrate host tissues efficiently. Which structure is responsible for this type of movement?

Accepted Answer

Axial filament

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the glycocalyx in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 8

Which bacterial shape is described as spherical?

Accepted Answer

Coccus

Question 9

A scientist observes a bacterium with a single flagellum at one end. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Monotrichous

Question 10

Which of the following structures is most important for the initial attachment of bacteria to host tissues?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why biofilms are difficult to eradicate in clinical settings?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotics and immune responses.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between capsules and slime layers?

Accepted Answer

Capsules are firmly attached and slime layers are loosely attached and water soluble.

Question 13

A bacterium is found to have multiple flagella at one end. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Lophotrichous

Question 14

Which of the following structures is NOT found in all bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of fimbriae in bacterial pathogenicity?

Accepted Answer

They help bacteria adhere to host tissues and form biofilms.

Question 16

A hospital-acquired infection is traced to a biofilm on a catheter. Which bacterial structures likely contributed to the formation of this biofilm?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae, pili, and slime layers

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial flagellum?

Accepted Answer

Motility and taxis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structure of the flagellar basal body in Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It contains one pair of rings.

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of spirochetes compared to other bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of endoflagella (axial filaments) that allow corkscrew motion

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct size range for most bacteria?

Accepted Answer

$$0.2-20\ \mu m$$ diameter; $$\u003c10\ \mu m$$ length

Cell Structure and Function: Bacterial External Structures

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