Question 1

Which of the following is a property shared by all living things?

Accepted Answer

Growth

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for movement in prokaryotic cells and rotates to propel the cell?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 3

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Thick peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acids

Question 5

What is the main function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protection and attachment to surfaces

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 7

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

What distinguishes eukaryotic flagella from prokaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella are composed of microtubules and undulate rhythmically.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about Gram-negative bacteria is correct?

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Question 10

A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, mitochondria, and cilia. To which group does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability and energy production

Question 12

Which structure allows bacteria to attach to surfaces and to each other, but is NOT involved in movement?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 13

Which transport process requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

What is the main chemical component of most bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 15

Which of the following is true about group translocation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

The substance is chemically modified during transport.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the relationship for osmosis across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{outside} - \Psi_{inside}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are the sites of protein synthesis.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a loosely attached gelatinous layer outside its cell wall. What is this structure called?

Accepted Answer

Slime layer

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

Membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins that move freely.

Cell Structure and Function in Microbiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions