Question 1

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A process where substances are transported into the cell and chemically modified during transport.

Question 2

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely cellular response?

Accepted Answer

The cell will turn on genes to synthesize a protein that transports potassium into the cell to balance osmotic pressure.

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between bacterial and archaeal cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, while archaeal cell walls do not.

Question 4

Which of the following transport processes requires the cell to expend energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

Why is Bacillus anthracis able to survive in harsh environments such as mail envelopes during bioterrorist attacks?

Accepted Answer

It forms endospores that are resistant to extreme conditions such as heat, radiation, and chemicals.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why there are few antimicrobial drugs that target bacterial cytoplasmic membranes?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes are structurally similar, so drugs targeting them would also harm human cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring organelles and producing the basic shape of the cell

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of archaeal cytoplasmic membranes?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of phospholipids with ester linkages.

Question 10

Which of the following organelles is responsible for aerobic ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

A scientist discovers a cell with a circular DNA molecule, 70S ribosomes, and ether-linked membrane lipids. This cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

An archaeal cell

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes formed from the union of small aerobic prokaryotes with larger anaerobic prokaryotes, with the smaller becoming mitochondria.

Question 13

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal external structures compared to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Some archaea possess hami, which are used for attachment.

Question 14

Which of the following processes is found only in eukaryotes and involves the engulfment of large particles by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of microtubules arranged in a '9 + 2' pattern and undulate rhythmically.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of nutrients and self-destruction of damaged or aged cells

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why colchicine inhibits phagocytosis, movement of organelles, and formation of flagella and cilia in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Colchicine inhibits microtubule formation, which is essential for these cellular processes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes usually have a single circular chromosome, while eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi body in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Processing and packaging molecules for export from the cell

Cell Structure and Function in Microbiology Ch3-2

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards