Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope, while prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid region without a membrane.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer, teichoic acids, and stains purple in a Gram stain. Which type of cell wall does it possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive cell wall

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the 'run and tumble' movement observed in many motile bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 4

A scientist isolates a bacterium with an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Which of the following is true about this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

It is likely to be more resistant to certain antibiotics due to its outer membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial glycocalyx capsule?

Accepted Answer

It provides protection from phagocytosis and acts as a virulence factor.

Question 6

Which of the following transport processes across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A patient is infected with a spirochete bacterium. Which unique structure is responsible for its corkscrew motility?

Accepted Answer

Axial filament (endoflagella)

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They often confer traits such as antibiotic resistance.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of microtubules and undulate rhythmically.

Question 10

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen if the cell wall is intact?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall will prevent lysis, maintaining cell integrity.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more difficult to inhibit or kill with antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Their outer membrane acts as a chemical sieve, blocking many antibiotics.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

A bacterium is observed to form endospores. What is the primary advantage of this structure?

Accepted Answer

It enables survival in harsh environmental conditions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton compared to the prokaryotic cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It includes microtubules, actin microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain catabolic enzymes that digest macromolecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

It proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed prokaryotes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi body in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It receives, processes, and packages large molecules for export.

Question 19

A bacterium is found to have fimbriae. What is the most likely function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and other cells, important in biofilm formation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

An active process where a substance is chemically modified as it is transported into the cell

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

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