Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and internal organelles.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and stains purple in a Gram stain. Which structure is most likely absent from this cell?

Accepted Answer

Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Protection from desiccation and immune system evasion

Question 4

A scientist observes a bacterium with multiple flagella located at both ends of the cell. What is the correct term for this flagellar arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Amphitrichous

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis are effective against bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria rely on peptidoglycan for cell wall structure, which human cells lack.

Question 6

Which process requires the hydrolysis of ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 8

Which of the following structures is responsible for the transfer of DNA between bacterial cells during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 9

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic flagella is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have a '9 + 2' arrangement of microtubules.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between the cell walls of fungi and plants?

Accepted Answer

Fungal cell walls contain chitin, while plant cell walls contain cellulose.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 12

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of internal membranes, including rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. What is the primary function of the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and transport

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Their outer membrane acts as a barrier to many drugs.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein processing and packaging for export

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in a eukaryotic cilium?

Accepted Answer

$9 + 2$ arrangement$

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a prokaryotic cell wall component and its chemical structure?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan – chains of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) linked by tetrapeptide cross-bridges

Question 17

A scientist isolates a cell with 70S ribosomes, a single circular chromosome, and no internal membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing shape, anchoring organelles, and facilitating movement

Question 19

Which of the following processes is unique to eukaryotic cells and not found in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a bacterial cell with a capsule is more likely to cause disease?

Accepted Answer

The capsule helps the cell evade the host immune system.

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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