Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Viruses cannot carry out metabolism or reproduce independently.

Question 2

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo plasmolysis as water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx (capsule) in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a virulence factor and aids in biofilm formation.

Question 5

A scientist observes a bacterial cell with a thick layer of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. Which type of cell wall does this bacterium have?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 6

Which of the following transport processes requires energy input in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why sugary syrup is effective for preserving fruit?

Accepted Answer

The syrup causes bacterial cells to undergo plasmolysis, inhibiting their growth.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Protein and lipid modification and sorting

Question 9

A bacterium with peritrichous flagella is observed under a microscope. What is the arrangement of its flagella?

Accepted Answer

Flagella distributed all over the cell surface

Question 10

Which of the following statements about endospores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are metabolically inactive and highly resistant to extreme conditions.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the arrangement 'streptococcus'?

Accepted Answer

Spherical cells in chains

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Site of ATP synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following organelles is responsible for degrading metabolic waste in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is an amphipathic, fluid mosaic that regulates transport.

Question 15

Which of the following structures is unique to eukaryotic cells and is involved in cytoplasmic streaming?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of conjugation pili in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of DNA between cells

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 18

Which of the following cell types lacks a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads facing outward, hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions