Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

They both contain 70S ribosomes and circular DNA, similar to prokaryotes.

Question 2

A scientist isolates ribosomes from a eukaryotic cell and finds two populations: one with a sedimentation coefficient of 80S and another with 70S. Where are the 70S ribosomes most likely from?

Accepted Answer

The mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 3

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, while prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.

Question 4

Which of the following cell types is most likely to lack centrioles?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells

Question 5

A bacterial cell is observed to have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

This cell is likely a bacterium.

Question 6

Which of the following structures is present in all eukaryotic cells but absent in all prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the composition of eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Composed of 60S and 40S subunits

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the presence of cell walls in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Most archaea and bacteria have cell walls, but only plants, algae, and fungi among eukaryotes have cell walls.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of centrioles in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Formation of flagella and cilia

Question 10

A researcher is studying a microorganism that lacks a nucleus, has 70S ribosomes, and a cell wall without peptidoglycan. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target 70S ribosomes can affect bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells only have 80S ribosomes in the cytosol, while bacteria have 70S ribosomes.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a similarity between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both are involved in ATP production.

Question 13

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic chromosomes compared to prokaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are linear and more than one chromosome per cell.

Question 14

Which of the following structures is present in some archaea but absent in all eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae or pili

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a glycocalyx surrounding its plasma membrane. Which of the following is most likely true?

Accepted Answer

It is a eukaryotic animal cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the centrosome in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is the region of cytoplasm where centrioles are found.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the presence of inclusions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Inclusions are present in most archaea and bacteria, but only in some eukaryotes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the presence of flagella in the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Some archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes have flagella, but their structures differ.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are the main site of ATP production.

Question 20

A cell is found to have linear chromosomes, a nucleus, and 80S ribosomes in the cytosol. Which domain does this cell belong to?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Cell Structure and Function: Prokaryotic, Archaeal, and Eukaryotic Cells

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