Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of normal microbiota in human health?

Accepted Answer

Normal microbiota help maintain health by preventing the growth of pathogenic microbes and may help train the immune system.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea?

Accepted Answer

They are known to cause many human diseases.

Question 3

Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment disproved which hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of fermentation as demonstrated by Pasteur?

Accepted Answer

The microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air.

Question 5

Which scientist is credited with developing the first vaccine, and for which disease?

Accepted Answer

Edward Jenner for smallpox

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct application of Koch’s postulates?

Accepted Answer

Demonstrating that a specific microbe causes a specific disease by isolating it from a diseased animal and reproducing the disease in a healthy animal.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of biofilms that can be beneficial to humans?

Accepted Answer

They protect mucous membranes from harmful organisms.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between bacteria and viruses?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are prokaryotic cells with peptidoglycan cell walls, while viruses are acellular and require a host cell to replicate.

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the process of photosynthesis carried out by algae?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of biotechnology that does NOT use recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Use of Bacillus thuringiensis as a biological insecticide

Question 11

Which of the following factors has contributed to the emergence of new infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary changes such as antibiotic resistance

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Germ Theory of Disease?

Accepted Answer

Microorganisms are responsible for causing specific diseases.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Human Microbiome Project?

Accepted Answer

It aimed to determine the makeup of typical microbiota in various areas of the body and understand their relationship to disease.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of normal microbiota?

Accepted Answer

Causing all infectious diseases

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between resident and transient microbiota?

Accepted Answer

Resident microbiota colonize the body indefinitely, while transient microbiota are present for a short time.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a chemical equation for fermentation?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

It can result from evolutionary changes in bacteria, making them harder to treat with existing drugs.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct definition of virology?

Accepted Answer

The study of viruses

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

Using bacteria to degrade oil spills in the ocean

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of Bacillus thuringiensis in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

It is a microbe that produces protein crystals toxic to insects, used as a biological insecticide.

Chapter 1: The Microbial World and You – Comprehensive Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards