Question 1

Which of the following best describes an epitope?

Accepted Answer

A small, specific region on an antigen that is recognized by B or T cell receptors.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the primary and secondary adaptive immune responses is correct?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and more effective due to the presence of memory cells.

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between MHC class I and MHC class II molecules?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I molecules are found on all nucleated cells, while MHC class II molecules are found only on antigen-presenting cells.

Question 4

A patient receives an injection of antibodies against rabies after being bitten by a potentially rabid animal. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 5

Which antibody isotype is most abundant in mucosal secretions and provides protection at mucosal surfaces?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 6

What is the main function of cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?

Accepted Answer

Directly destroy infected or cancerous cells by releasing perforins and granzymes.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the adaptive immune system can recognize virtually any antigen?

Accepted Answer

Gene shuffling mechanisms generate a vast array of unique B and T cell receptors.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of a B cell by a T-dependent antigen?

Accepted Answer

Antigen binds BCR → Antigen processed and presented on MHC-II → T helper cell binds and releases cytokines → B cell fully activates

Question 9

Which of the following is a feature of T-independent B cell activation?

Accepted Answer

It does not result in the formation of memory B cells.

Question 10

A patient is exposed to a virus for the first time. Which antibody isotype will be produced first?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of self-tolerance in T cells?

Accepted Answer

T cells are screened in the thymus for their ability to recognize self-MHC but not attack self-antigens.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing infected host cells by releasing perforins.

Question 13

Which antibody isotype is the first to be produced during a primary immune response and is highly effective in agglutination?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a person who has recovered from measles is unlikely to get the disease again?

Accepted Answer

Memory B and T cells provide a rapid and effective secondary immune response upon re-exposure.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Each antibody has two heavy chains and two light chains held together by disulfide bonds.

Question 16

A patient receives maternal antibodies through breast milk. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of T helper cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They coordinate the adaptive immune response by stimulating other white blood cells through cytokine release.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of artificially acquired active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a vaccine for polio.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why haptens alone do not trigger an immune response?

Accepted Answer

Haptens are too small and must be attached to a larger carrier molecule to become immunogenic.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotype switching in B cells?

Accepted Answer

Isotype switching allows a B cell to produce different classes of antibodies while retaining the same antigen specificity.

Chapter 12: Adaptive Immunity – Mini-Textbook Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions