Question 1

Which of the following is a key difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity has immunological memory, while innate immunity does not.

Question 2

A patient receives a kidney transplant. Which molecules are most important in determining tissue compatibility?

Accepted Answer

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells)?

Accepted Answer

They directly kill infected or abnormal cells using perforin and granzymes.

Question 4

Which class of MHC protein is found on all nucleated cells and presents intracellular antigens?

Accepted Answer

MHC class I

Question 5

What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

To bind to antigens and facilitate their removal through neutralization, opsonization, agglutination, and ADCC.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about B cell receptor (BCR) diversity is correct?

Accepted Answer

BCR diversity is generated by random recombination of V, D, and J gene segments by the enzyme RAG.

Question 7

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the cloning of cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin 2 (IL-2)

Question 8

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 9

Which antibody class is most abundant and longest-lasting in the blood?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 10

What is the role of memory cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They persist in lymphoid tissues and initiate a faster, stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal deletion?

Accepted Answer

Elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes to prevent autoimmune responses.

Question 12

A virus infects a cell and produces viral proteins inside the host cell. Which type of antigen is this, and which MHC class presents it?

Accepted Answer

Endogenous antigen presented by MHC class I

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Direct killing of infected cells via apoptosis

Question 14

Helper T cells (Th) are distinguished by which surface glycoprotein and what is their main function?

Accepted Answer

CD4; regulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells by secreting cytokines

Question 15

Which antibody class is primarily associated with mucosal secretions and provides protection at body surfaces?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 16

Which process allows B cells to generate millions of different antigen specificities?

Accepted Answer

Random recombination of V, D, and J segments by RAG enzyme

Question 17

Which immune response is faster and more effective upon second exposure to the same antigen?

Accepted Answer

Secondary immune response

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of cytokines in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Acting as intercellular signals to regulate immune cell activity

Question 19

Which pathway do cytotoxic T cells use to induce apoptosis in infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Perforin-granzyme pathway and CD95 pathway

Question 20

Which type of antigen is involved in autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

Autoantigens

Chapter 16: Adaptive Immunity

Study Guide - Practice Questions