Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in all bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 2

A bacterium that appears as a chain of spherical cells under the microscope is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Streptococci

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why gram-positive cell walls are stronger than gram-negative cell walls?

Accepted Answer

They have a thick layer of peptidoglycan

Question 4

A patient develops a fever and shock after a gram-negative bacterial infection. Which component of the bacterial cell envelope is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 5

Which of the following appendages is primarily used for bacterial motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 6

During positive chemotaxis, how does a bacterium move in response to an attractant?

Accepted Answer

It moves in a straight line by increasing the duration of runs

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 8

A bacterium is observed to have a single flagellum at each end of the cell. This arrangement is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Amphitrichous

Question 9

Which of the following statements about bacterial endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are highly resistant to heat, drying, and chemicals

Question 10

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of archaea compared to bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Unique membrane lipids with ether linkages

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial plasmids?

Accepted Answer

They confer protective traits such as drug resistance

Question 12

A bacterium that lacks a cell wall but survives due to sterols in its membrane is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the Gram stain procedure?

Accepted Answer

Crystal violet, Gram's iodine, alcohol, safranin

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of bacterial inclusion bodies?

Accepted Answer

Food storage

Question 15

Which division in Bergey’s Manual includes bacteria that lack a cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Tenericutes

Question 16

A clinical isolate is identified as a gram-negative rod. According to Bergey’s Manual, to which division does it belong?

Accepted Answer

Gracilicutes

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of the bacterial cell envelope in gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Teichoic acid

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of palisades?

Accepted Answer

Partially attached rods at angles

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a bacterial ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Composed of a 30S and 50S subunit forming a 70S ribosome

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a biofilm?

Accepted Answer

Dental plaque on teeth

Chapter 3: Bacteria and Archaea – Structure, Function, and Classification

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