$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10} \left( [\text{H}^+] \right)$$

Question 1

Which subatomic particle has no electrical charge and contributes significantly to the atomic mass of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Question 2

What is the atomic number of an element, and how is it determined?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 4

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 5

What is the relationship between electron energy levels and their distance from the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Electrons farther from the nucleus have more energy

Question 6

Which equation correctly expresses the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10} \left( [	ext{H}^+] ight)$$

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 8

A sodium atom loses an electron to become Na+. What type of ion is Na+?

Accepted Answer

Cation

Question 9

Which property of water is most important for its role as a solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity

Question 10

What is the molecular mass of water ($$	ext{H}_2	ext{O}) in $$daltons?

Accepted Answer

$$18$$ daltons

Question 11

Which of the following reactions is an example of anabolism?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 12

Which functional groups are present in all amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino and carboxyl groups

Question 13

Which level of protein structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 14

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges

Question 17

What is the role of ATP in cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases chemical energy for cellular processes

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

AB \rightarrow A + B

Question 19

Which macromolecule is composed of monomers called nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 20

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have both polar and nonpolar regions

2 Chemical Principles in Microbiology: Atoms, Bonds, and Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions