Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not.

Question 2

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of Eukarya compared to Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 3

Which domain(s) include organisms that can survive in extreme environments such as high temperature or high salinity?

Accepted Answer

Both Bacteria and Archaea

Question 4

Which of the following is the first amino acid in protein synthesis for Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Formylmethionine

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S, while eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have circular DNA and divide by binary fission.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the sensitivity to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are sensitive to antibiotics, while Archaea are not.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the evolutionary relationship among the three domains?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with Bacteria.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Contains a nucleus

Question 10

A scientist discovers a new microorganism with the following characteristics: no nucleus, cell wall containing peptidoglycan, and sensitivity to antibiotics. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process by which mitochondria are believed to have originated?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis of an ancestral aerobic prokaryote by a primitive eukaryotic cell

Question 12

Which of the following is a feature shared by both mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Both divide by binary fission

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the common ancestor of all life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

It was a prokaryotic cell that existed over 3 billion years ago.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the composition of membrane lipids in Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Branched carbon chains attached to glycerol by ether linkage

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of domain and a representative organism?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya – Amoeba

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome.

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the Three-Domain System is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is based on differences in ribosomal RNA sequences.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the first amino acid in protein synthesis in Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Question 20

A researcher is studying a cell that divides by mitosis, contains 80S ribosomes, and has linear DNA. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Classification and Characteristics of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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