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Comprehensive Microbiology Study Guide: Key Concepts and Exam Review

Study Guide - Learn with Videos

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Introduction to Cultivating Microbial Growth

Types of Solid Culture Media

Plating Methods

Prokaryotic Ribosomes

Introduction to Taxonomy

Scientific Naming of Organisms

Magnification, Resolution, & Contrast

Gram Stain

Introduction to Bacterial Cell Walls

Gram-Negative Cell Walls

Bacterial Cell Morphology & Arrangements

Fimbriae & Hami

Introduction to Prokaryotic Flagella

Introduction to Bacterial Plasmids

Binary Fission

Introduction to DNA-Based Technology

Introduction to DNA Cloning

Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction

The Steps of PCR

Central Dogma

Introduction to Transcription

Steps of Transcription

Introduction to Translation

Steps of Translation

Introduction to Mutations

Introduction to DNA Repair

DNA Repair Mechanisms

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Bacterial Transformation

Transduction

Introduction to Conjugation

Conjugation: F Plasmids

Conjugation: Hfr & F' Cells

Introduction to Controlling Microbial Growth

Physical Methods to Control Microbial Growth

Chemical Methods to Control Microbial Growth

Chemicals Used to Control Microbial Growth

Liquid Chemicals: Alcohols, Aldehydes, & Biguanides

Liquid Chemicals: Halogens

Liquid Chemicals: Surface-Active Agents

Chemical Gases: Ethylene Oxide, Ozone, & Formaldehyde

Symbiotic Relationships

The Human Microbiome

Characteristics of Infectious Disease

Stages of Infectious Disease Progression

Koch's Postulates

Molecular Koch's Postulates

Bacterial Pathogenesis

Introduction to Pathogenic Toxins

Exotoxins Cause Damage to the Host

Endotoxin Causes Damage to the Host

Exotoxins vs. Endotoxin Review

Immune Response Damage to the Host

Introduction to Avoiding Host Defense Mechanisms

1) Hide Within Host Cells

2) Avoiding Phagocytosis

3) Surviving Inside Phagocytic Cells

4) Avoiding Complement System

5) Avoiding Antibodies

Viruses Evade the Immune Response

Introduction to Immunity

Introduction to Innate Immunity

Introduction to First-Line Defenses

Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Skin

Physical Barriers in First-Line Defenses: Mucous Membrane

First-Line Defenses: Chemical Barriers

First-Line Defenses: Normal Microflora

Introduction to Cells of the Immune System

Cells of the Immune System: Granulocytes

Cells of the Immune System: Agranulocytes

Introduction to Cell Communication

Cell Communication: Surface Receptors & Adhesion Molecules

Cell Communication: Cytokines

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Introduction to the Complement System

Activation Pathways of the Complement System

Effects of the Complement System

Review of the Complement System

Phagoctytosis

Introduction to Inflammation

Steps of the Inflammatory Response

Fever

Interferon Response

Introduction to Adaptive Immunity

Antigens

Introduction to T Lymphocytes

Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules

Activation of T Lymphocytes

Functions of T Lymphocytes

Review of Cytotoxic vs Helper T Cells

Introduction to B Lymphocytes

Antibodies

Classes of Antibodies

Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Antigen

T Dependent & T Independent Antigens

Clonal Selection

Antibody Class Switching

Affinity Maturation

Primary and Secondary Response of Adaptive Immunity

Immune Tolerance

Regulatory T Cells

Natural Killer Cells

Review of Adaptive Immunity