Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which structure is found in all prokaryotic cells but not in all eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall made of peptidoglycan

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which feature of this bacterium increases its virulence?

Accepted Answer

Production of a polysaccharide capsule

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics that target peptidoglycan synthesis are ineffective against Mycoplasma?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 6

A bacterium is found to be rod-shaped and forms chains. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Streptobacilli

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the S layer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It is produced only in hostile environments and provides protection.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Protection from phagocytosis

Question 9

A patient with a catheter develops a persistent infection. Which microbial feature is most likely responsible for the resistance to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Biofilm formation

Question 10

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require a host cell for replication.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why enveloped viruses are more sensitive to disinfectants than naked viruses?

Accepted Answer

Enveloped viruses have a lipid membrane that is disrupted by lipid-soluble chemicals.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of a chemoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses organic compounds as both carbon and energy sources.

Question 13

Which enzyme is responsible for neutralizing hydrogen peroxide in aerobic bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Catalase

Question 14

A bacterium that can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen, but grows better with oxygen, is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobe

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from high to low concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the taxonomic hierarchy from broadest to most specific?

Accepted Answer

Domain \u003e Kingdom \u003e Phylum \u003e Class \u003e Order \u003e Family \u003e Genus \u003e Species

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that is targeted by penicillin.

Question 18

A patient is infected with a bacterium that survives in the stomach by producing urease, which neutralizes stomach acid. This bacterium is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Microaerophile

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of fimbriae in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the lag phase in bacterial growth?

Accepted Answer

Cells are adjusting to new environment and not dividing at maximum rate.

Midterm

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