Question 1

Which of the following best describes immunopathology?

Accepted Answer

The study of disease states associated with the overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response.

Question 2

A patient experiences severe bronchoconstriction and airway obstruction after exposure to pollen. Which type of hypersensitivity is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 3

Which immune components are primarily responsible for cell lysis in type II hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

IgG, IgM, and complement

Question 4

A newborn develops severe anemia and jaundice due to maternal antibodies crossing the placenta. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a portal of entry for allergens in type I hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Antibody complexes

Question 6

A patient with a history of hay fever and asthma is found to have increased IgE production and highly reactive mast cells. What is the most likely genetic basis for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Generalized susceptibility to allergens, not to specific substances

Question 7

Which cytokine is most profuse and fast-acting in allergic reactions, causing constriction of bronchi and dilation of blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Question 8

A patient receives a skin prick test for allergies. A wheal-and-flare reaction develops within 20 minutes. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Immediate histamine release and type I hypersensitivity

Question 9

Which of the following is a common method to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn in Rh– mothers?

Accepted Answer

Injecting RhoGAM antiserum at 28–32 weeks and after delivery

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a result of an abnormal or undesirable immune function?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Question 11

A patient develops acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Which antibody type is NOT involved in this immune complex disease?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 12

Which class of tissue graft involves transplantation between individuals of different species?

Accepted Answer

Xenograft

Question 13

Which autoimmune disease is characterized by autoantibodies binding to acetylcholine receptors, resulting in muscle paralysis?

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Question 14

Which of the following is the most common deficiency in immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

IgA deficiency

Question 15

A child is born with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Which of the following best describes the underlying defect?

Accepted Answer

Dysfunction in both B and T lymphocyte systems

Question 16

Which of the following is a secondary immunodeficiency caused by infection?

Accepted Answer

AIDS

Question 17

A patient develops a papular, peeling skin rash after a bone marrow transplant. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Graft versus host disease (GVHD)

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of secondary immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutation

Question 19

Which of the following is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction primarily involving T cells?

Accepted Answer

Contact dermatitis

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the rise in autoimmune diseases in industrialized societies?

Accepted Answer

Reduced microbial diversity in the gut microbiome

Disorders in Immunity: Hypersensitivities, Autoimmunity, and Immunodeficiencies

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