Q: Which equation correctly calculates the incidence rate for a disease in a population?

$$\text{Incidence Rate} = \frac{\text{New Cases}}{\text{Population} \times \text{Time}}$$

Q: Which equation best represents the calculation of mortality rate?

$$\text{Mortality Rate} = \frac{\text{Deaths}}{\text{Population}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between incidence and prevalence in epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Incidence is the number of new cases in a population during a specific time period, while prevalence is the total number of cases in a population at a given time.

Question 2

A graph shows daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases in Marin County from March 2020 to November 2022. What type of epidemiological data does this graph represent?

Accepted Answer

Incidence

Question 3

Which equation correctly calculates the incidence rate for a disease in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Incidence Rate} = \frac{	ext{New Cases}}{	ext{Population} 	imes 	ext{Time}}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a sporadic disease occurrence?

Accepted Answer

A rare case of plague in Oregon

Question 5

What is the etiology of COVID-19?

Accepted Answer

SARS-CoV-2 virus

Question 6

Which of the following factors could contribute to differences in COVID-19 mortality rates between countries?

Accepted Answer

Population density, age structure, access to healthcare, and prevalence of comorbidities

Question 7

Which pattern of incidence describes a disease that is constantly present in a population, such as malaria in Nigeria?

Accepted Answer

Endemic

Question 8

A nosocomial infection is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

An infection acquired while staying in a hospital or healthcare facility

Question 9

Which of the following is a reemerging infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

Drug-resistant tuberculosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the chain of infection for dengue fever?

Accepted Answer

Reservoir: humans and monkeys; Portal of exit: blood; Mode of transmission: biological vector (mosquito); Portal of entry: broken skin (mosquito bite); Host susceptibility: universal, age, prior immunity

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a recommended preventive measure for dengue fever?

Accepted Answer

Taking aspirin for pain relief

Question 12

Which equation best represents the calculation of mortality rate?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Mortality Rate} = \frac{	ext{Deaths}}{	ext{Population}}$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about dengue immunity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Surviving dengue caused by one serotype provides lifelong immunity only to that serotype.

Question 14

Which of the following is a mode of transmission for respiratory pathogens like COVID-19?

Accepted Answer

Airborne respiratory particles

Question 15

Which organization is responsible for publishing the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Question 16

A disease that is new to the human population or has shown an increase in prevalence in the last twenty years is called:

Accepted Answer

Emerging

Question 17

Which of the following is a portal of entry for gastrointestinal pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Digestive tract

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of notifiable infectious diseases in public health?

Accepted Answer

Cases must be reported by health care workers to public health agencies to monitor and control disease spread.

Question 19

Which of the following is a factor in host susceptibility to infection?

Accepted Answer

Age, genetics, immune status, and comorbidities

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the transmission route of dengue virus?

Accepted Answer

Biological vector transmission via Aedes mosquito bite

Epidemiology: Patterns, Transmission, and Tracking of Infectious Diseases

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