Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated from a free-living aerobic bacterium engulfed by an archaeal host cell, forming a symbiotic relationship.

Question 2

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins from mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water leaves the cell to the area of higher solute concentration.

Question 4

Which of the following molecules can freely diffuse across the eukaryotic cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($O_2$)

Question 5

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 6

Which type of transport requires cellular energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with a cell wall made of chitin. Which organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for lipid and steroid synthesis, as well as drug detoxification?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

What is the arrangement of microtubules in a eukaryotic flagellum?

Accepted Answer

9 + 2 arrangement

Question 10

Which process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

A cell uses receptor-mediated endocytosis to import cholesterol. What is the key feature of this process?

Accepted Answer

It requires specific ligand-receptor interactions and involves clathrin-coated vesicles.

Question 12

Which eukaryotic organelle contains its own circular DNA and is involved in ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from mRNA

Question 14

Which type of cell transport is depicted when a cell engulfs large particles by surrounding them with its membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which eukaryotic organelle is responsible for hydrolyzing biomolecules using enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 16

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses transport proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient without energy expenditure.

Question 17

Which eukaryotic cell structure is primarily responsible for DNA replication and transcription?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 18

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell as water enters the cell, but the cell wall prevents bursting.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of motile cilia in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Locomotion and movement of substances across cell surfaces

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the cell membrane is considered semi-permeable?

Accepted Answer

It allows some molecules to pass while restricting others based on size, charge, and polarity.

Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function: Origins, Anatomy, and Membrane Transport

Study Guide - Practice Questions