Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main structural difference between eukaryotic and bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella are composed of a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, while bacterial flagella are composed of flagellin protein subunits.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support to the cell wall

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a thick inner layer of chitin and a thin outer layer of mixed glycans. This cell is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A fungal cell

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sterols are important in eukaryotic cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

They provide membrane stability, especially in cells lacking a cell wall.

Question 5

Which sequence correctly describes the flow of genetic information and protein transport in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Ribosome (RER) → Golgi apparatus → Vesicle → Cell membrane

Question 6

Which of the following characteristics is evidence supporting the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain circular DNA and 70S ribosomes.

Question 7

A cell is observed to have a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and export of proteins

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in phagocytic cells?

Accepted Answer

They fuse with food vacuoles to digest engulfed particles.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cytoskeletal element and its function?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments – permit shape changes and movement

Question 10

Which of the following is a beneficial activity of fungi from a human perspective?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition of organic matter and production of antibiotics

Question 11

A fungal colony is observed to have a cottony texture and is composed of long, threadlike cells. This colony is most likely composed of:

Accepted Answer

Hyphae forming a mycelium

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a saprobe?

Accepted Answer

An organism that acquires nutrients from dead organic matter

Question 13

Which of the following is a primary reproductive mode of fungi that allows for rapid colonization of new environments?

Accepted Answer

Spore formation and dispersal

Question 14

Which of the following is a key advantage of the cyst stage in protozoa?

Accepted Answer

It allows survival in harsh environmental conditions and facilitates disease transmission.

Question 15

A protozoan is observed to move using pseudopods and can change its shape constantly. This organism is most likely:

Accepted Answer

An amoeboid protozoan

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the trophozoite and cyst stages of protozoa?

Accepted Answer

Trophozoite is the active, feeding stage; cyst is the dormant, resistant stage.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the life cycle of helminths?

Accepted Answer

The definitive host is where adulthood and mating occur.

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a tapeworm infection. Which of the following best describes the body plan of this organism?

Accepted Answer

Flat, segmented body

Question 19

Which of the following is a common route of transmission for helminth infections in humans?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food, soil, or water

Question 20

Which of the following statements best explains why fungal infections are more common in immunocompromised individuals?

Accepted Answer

Opportunistic fungi can infect hosts with weakened immune defenses.

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Study Guide - Practice Questions