$$\text{Water moves from high } [\text{water}] \text{ to low } [\text{water}]$$

Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 2

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo plasmolysis as water moves out.

Question 3

Which component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall is responsible for its antigenic specificity and can act as an endotoxin?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

Prevents phagocytosis by white blood cells

Question 5

A patient is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which cell wall feature makes this bacterium resistant to many antibiotics and disinfectants?

Accepted Answer

Waxy lipid (mycolic acid) bound to peptidoglycan

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

Which process requires a transporter protein and ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

What is the main structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive cell walls have thick peptidoglycan and teichoic acids, while Gram-negative cell walls have thin peptidoglycan and an outer membrane.

Question 9

Which bacterial appendage is primarily involved in the transfer of genetic material between cells?

Accepted Answer

Pilus

Question 10

A bacterium is observed moving in a corkscrew fashion. Which structure is responsible for this type of motility?

Accepted Answer

Axial filament (endoflagella)

Question 11

Which of the following is a polymer of disaccharides found in bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the principle of osmosis in terms of water movement?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from high } [	ext{water}] 	ext{ to low } [	ext{water}]$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of biofilms in bacterial communities?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms shelter bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about endospores is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are highly resistant to heat, chemicals, and radiation.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why you should NOT drink ocean water if stranded on an island?

Accepted Answer

Ocean water is hypertonic and will cause dehydration by drawing water out of your cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a transporter protein but no energy input.

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

Which of the following structures is responsible for the antigenic specificity of Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Teichoic acids

Question 19

Which of the following inclusions in prokaryotic cells is used for CO$$_2$$ fixation during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carboxysomes

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiotic theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed bacteria.

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Microbiology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions