Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to be rod-shaped and forms chains. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Streptobacilli

Question 3

Which component of the bacterial cell wall is targeted by lysozyme, leading to cell lysis?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 4

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to penicillin and has an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide. Which type of cell wall does this bacterium most likely possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative

Question 5

Which structure allows bacteria to move toward nutrients and away from harmful substances, and what is the mechanism of movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagella; rotation for run and tumble

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the chemical structure of peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) linked by polypeptides

Question 7

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will experience plasmolysis.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of phagocytosis

Question 9

Which process requires both a transporter protein and energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following statements about endospores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are resistant to heat, desiccation, and chemicals.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why Gram-negative bacteria are less susceptible to penicillin than Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that restricts entry of penicillin.

Question 12

A scientist is studying a bacterium that lacks a cell wall but contains sterols in its plasma membrane. Which genus does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Mycoplasma

Question 13

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of archaeal cell walls compared to bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Archaeal cell walls contain pseudomurein and lack NAM.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They carry non-crucial genes such as antibiotic resistance.

Question 15

A Gram-positive bacterium is exposed to lysozyme and then placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo osmotic lysis due to the loss of its cell wall.

Question 16

Which of the following structures is responsible for the antigenic specificity of Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Teichoic acids

Question 17

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

It requires a transporter protein and phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP), and the substance is chemically modified during transport.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier for the passage of molecules.

Question 19

A bacterium is observed to have a corkscrew-like movement and contains axial filaments. Which group does this bacterium most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Spirochetes

Question 20

Which of the following inclusions would you expect to find in a photosynthetic bacterium for carbon dioxide fixation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxysomes

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Microbiology Study Notes

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