Question 1

Which of the following is the main structural feature that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 2

A bacterial cell is observed under a microscope and appears as a chain of spherical cells. Which term best describes this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Streptococci

Question 3

Why are bacterial capsules considered medically important?

Accepted Answer

They protect bacteria from phagocytosis by host immune cells

Question 4

Which structure is primarily responsible for bacterial motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 5

A patient is prescribed an antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan synthesis. Which type of microorganism is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 6

Why are mycoplasmas resistant to antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the prokaryotic plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable and contains enzymes for metabolic reactions

Question 8

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

A bacterium is exposed to lysozyme, which destroys its cell wall, leaving only the plasma membrane and cellular contents. What is this structure called?

Accepted Answer

Protoplast

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of bacterial inclusions?

Accepted Answer

Storage of reserve materials

Question 11

Endospores are formed by some bacteria under which conditions?

Accepted Answer

Adverse environmental conditions

Question 12

Which of the following statements best explains why antibiotics that target 70S ribosomes are effective against bacteria but not human cells?

Accepted Answer

Human cells have 80S ribosomes, which are structurally different from bacterial 70S ribosomes

Question 13

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which organelles in eukaryotic cells are believed to have originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 14

A scientist observes a bacterium with many flagella distributed all over its surface. Which term best describes this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Peritrichous

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

A 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi complex in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Question 17

A clinical sample contains bacteria that stain pink after a Gram stain. Which structural feature is most likely present in these bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water moves into a bacterial cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis causes water to move from low solute concentration outside to high solute concentration inside the cell

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell walls contain peptidoglycan, while eukaryotic cell walls do not

Question 20

A patient is infected with a bacterium that survives in harsh conditions such as high heat and desiccation. Which structure is most likely responsible for this survival?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Study Guide

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