Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed under the microscope as a chain of spherical cells. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Streptococci

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of a bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

It contributes to virulence by preventing phagocytosis and aiding in adherence.

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for the corkscrew motility of spirochetes?

Accepted Answer

Axial filaments

Question 5

Which component is unique to the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for its toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 6

Penicillin is effective against many bacteria because it interferes with the formation of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Peptide cross-bridges in peptidoglycan

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why mycoplasmas are resistant to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cell wall and have sterols in their plasma membrane.

Question 8

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo plasmolysis as water leaves the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Which process requires both a transporter protein and energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of bacterial inclusions?

Accepted Answer

Reserve deposits of nutrients such as phosphate, sulfur, or energy sources

Question 11

Endospores are important in the food industry because:

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions such as heat, desiccation, and radiation.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are 70S, composed of 50S and 30S subunits.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Composed of flagellin protein

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 15

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have circular DNA and 70S ribosomes.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A process that requires a transporter protein and phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP), chemically modifying the substance as it enters the cell

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of the cell wall of acid-fast bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a waxy lipid (mycolic acid) bound to peptidoglycan

Question 18

A scientist is studying a bacterium that is resistant to lysozyme and penicillin. Which cell wall structure is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Pseudomurein

Question 19

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses transporter proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Site of DNA replication

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Comparison

Study Guide - Practice Questions