Q: Which equation best represents the principle of osmosis in bacterial cells?

$$\text{Water moves from an area of higher water concentration (lower solute concentration) to an area of lower water concentration (higher solute concentration)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells usually have a single circular chromosome not in a membrane, while eukaryotic cells have paired chromosomes within a nuclear membrane.

Question 2

Which bacterial shape is illustrated by the following equation: $$	ext{Bacillus}$$?

Accepted Answer

Rod-shaped

Question 3

A cluster of spherical bacteria is most accurately described as:

Accepted Answer

Staphylococci

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for preventing phagocytosis and increasing virulence in bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

Capsule (a type of glycocalyx)

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Motility via gliding and twitching

Question 6

Which component of the bacterial cell wall is targeted by penicillin, leading to cell wall weakening?

Accepted Answer

Peptide cross-bridges in peptidoglycan

Question 7

Gram-negative bacteria are less susceptible to penicillin than gram-positive bacteria because:

Accepted Answer

Their outer membrane blocks access of penicillin to its target.

Question 8

Which equation best represents the principle of osmosis in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from an area of higher water concentration (lower solute concentration) to an area of lower water concentration (higher solute concentration)}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to acid-fast bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Waxy lipid (mycolic acid) bound to peptidoglycan

Question 10

A bacterium placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink

Question 11

Which of the following structures is involved in bacterial conjugation and DNA transfer?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a circular thread of double-stranded DNA.

Question 13

Which of the following inclusions is used by bacteria for phosphate storage?

Accepted Answer

Metachromatic granules (volutin)

Question 14

Which process is described by the equation: $$	ext{Substance moves from low concentration to high concentration, requiring ATP}$$?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 15

Which bacterial structure is composed of protein flagellin and is responsible for motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 16

Which of the following statements about endospores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endospores are resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals, and radiation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the prokaryotic plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability and ATP production

Question 18

Which of the following antibiotics specifically interferes with prokaryotic ribosomal function?

Accepted Answer

Streptomycin

Question 19

Which of the following cell wall types is disrupted by lysozyme?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive cell walls

Question 20

Which of the following is true about mycoplasmas?

Accepted Answer

They lack cell walls and have sterols in their plasma membrane.

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards