Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to have a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids in its cell wall. Which type of cell wall does it most likely possess?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 3

Which structure allows bacteria such as *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* to adhere to human tissues and form biofilms?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 4

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to phagocytosis due to a specific structure. Which structure is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 6

Penicillin is effective against bacteria because it interferes with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Formation of peptide cross-bridges in peptidoglycan

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

Contributes to virulence by preventing phagocytosis

Question 8

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing plasmolysis.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the Gram stain mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Crystal violet-iodine complexes are retained in Gram-positive cells after alcohol treatment.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

They allow bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions.

Question 11

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Pseudomurein cell walls

Question 12

Which of the following processes requires energy input and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

A bacterium with a corkscrew motion is most likely to possess which structure?

Accepted Answer

Axial filaments (endoflagella)

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and aiding in cell division

Question 15

Which of the following antibiotics specifically targets the 70S ribosome of prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Streptomycin

Question 16

Which of the following inclusions would you expect to find in a photosynthetic bacterium for carbon fixation?

Accepted Answer

Carboxysomes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes group translocation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A process that requires a transporter protein and modifies the substance as it enters the cell

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of bacterial shape and arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococci: clusters of spherical cells

Question 19

Which component of the Gram-negative cell wall acts as an endotoxin and can trigger fever and shock in humans?

Accepted Answer

Lipid A

Question 20

A scientist observes a bacterium that survives boiling, desiccation, and exposure to radiation. Which structure is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

(Chapter 4) Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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