Question 1

Which of the following is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope, while prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.

Question 2

A bacterium is observed to form grape-like clusters of spherical cells. What is the correct term for this arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococci

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the bacterial glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It aids in adherence, protects against phagocytosis, and prevents dehydration.

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for the movement of bacteria toward or away from a chemical stimulus, and what is this movement called?

Accepted Answer

Flagella; taxis

Question 5

A scientist treats a bacterial culture with lysozyme. What is the most likely effect on the bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

The disaccharide bonds in peptidoglycan will be broken, weakening the cell wall.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about Gram-negative bacterial cell walls is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, and phospholipids.

Question 7

Which process requires ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

A bacterium is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink (plasmolysis).

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of bacterial endospores?

Accepted Answer

Survival in harsh environmental conditions

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why penicillin is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer without an outer membrane, making them more susceptible to penicillin.

Question 11

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 12

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic plasma membranes compared to prokaryotic plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

Presence of sterols in the membrane

Question 13

A bacterium with a single flagellum at one end is described as having which type of flagellar arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Monotrichous and polar

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of pili in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Motility and DNA transfer during conjugation

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the movement of water across a bacterial plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from low to high solute concentration by osmosis.

Question 16

Which of the following inclusions would you expect to find in a photosynthetic bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Carboxysomes

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the eukaryotic Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Processing and sorting proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiotic theory is supported by evidence?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of microtubules in eukaryotic flagella and cilia?

Accepted Answer

9 + 2 array

Chapter 4: Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions